China News Network Guyuan, April 27 (Li Peishan) In April this year, among the red mountain ranges of the Xumi Mountain in Guyuan, Ningxia, 7 different "guests" were welcomed. They will stay here for 300 days and talk to history Let the thousand-year-old treasure, the mural of the Xumi Mountain Grottoes, reproduce the splendor of the day.
"Smoky and dark, the Buddha's head and hands are also incomplete. It hurts." At the first sight of the broken and mottled scene in the Xumishan Grottoes, Wang Rongxi, a specialist in the restoration of cultural relics and the person in charge of repairing the murals of the Xumishan Grottoes, sighed repeatedly. This is a thousand-year-old cultural relic heritage, and we must 'save it all'. "
Repair the scene. Yu Jingshe
It is reported that the Xumishan Grottoes were created in the late Northern Wei Dynasty. The Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty were built successively. The grotto art lasted more than 1500 years. It is the largest group of grottoes in Ningxia and one of the earlier grottoes in China. However, natural and human factors have caused damage to the murals of the Xumi Mountain Grottoes, such as shedding of earth battles, hollow drums, cracks, soda ash, peeling of the paint layer, armoring, cracking, powdering, covering, and scribbling. Today, the Xumi Mountain Grottoes are listed as an endangered site in the world.
On April 1, the murals of the Xumi Mountain Grottoes were restored and protected for the first time in 100 years. Xumishan Cultural Management Institute won a special fund of 2.2 million yuan from the State Administration of Cultural Heritage to rescue the murals of 185.47 square meters in Cave 1, Cave 48, Cave 50, and Cave 51.
Now, repairing nearly one month, the most damaged cave 48 that the reporter saw is another scene. Some patterns are clearly visible on the wall, especially the lotus murals that have just been cleaned. Although they have not fully restored the colors of the past, they still show the beauty of the atmosphere and simplicity.
"Look at this wall, the painter at that time put glutinous rice in the mud, and now it has become a crystal, both the hardness of the steel and the flexibility of the gold. So the sandstones in the cave are all pulverized and dropped, the pattern But it has not changed. "Wang Xiaosheng, a 69-year-old restoration expert this year, lamented the wisdom of the ancients while carefully wiping the mural with a cotton swab.
Thousands of years of cultural relics are precious and fragile. Therefore, repairs follow the principle of least intervention, and mainly carry out exhibition repairs such as surface pollutant cleaning, nail paint back application, and partial full color. The five repair steps of dust removal, reinforcement, cleaning, random color, and protection, test the team's professional skills, but also their endurance.
Cave 48 only has an area of about 10 square meters, and the team of 7 people took 3 days to remove the dust with a brush and a soft brush. At present, the cleaning step has begun. The size of the palm area should be scrubbed with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol and acetone more than 5 times, and each time it is washed, it must be naturally dried before continuing to the second pass.
Repair the scene. Yu Jingshe
"If you can't calm down, you can't do it." Wang Rongxi recalled the scene when he first restored cultural relics at the Fuxi Temple in Tianshui, Gansu 15 years ago. "I was majoring in cultural relics. I was full of confidence at the time, but I was frustrated on the first day. I was particularly afraid of not repairing it and causing secondary damage." Wang Rongxi said. , Learn practically little by little. Now that more than ten places of cultural relics have been restored, the Jade Emperor Pavilion in Jincheng, Shanxi was only completed in 5 years. This occupation has shaped my character. "
In the process of repairing, in addition to the occasional technical communication, the experts did not chat much in order to be more focused. Because of the dampness and coldness in the grottoes, every two or three hours of work, they went out to bask in the sun. "You seem boring, but it's actually very interesting. Because we are talking to history and the ancients." Zhu Yunxia, 59, said at the break, she is also one of the only two female experts on the team.
At present, less than 1,000 people in China are engaged in the professional work of restoration of cultural relics, and aging is very serious. "My grandson loves to listen to me telling stories about cultural relics. I took him to see many cultural relics that have been successfully restored by me. Under my influence, he also loves history. I hope to pass on my craft To give more 'post-90s' and 'post-00s', the restoration of cultural relics requires the spirit of craftsmen and the love and inheritance of more young people. "Wang Xiaosheng said. (Finish)