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The energy transition will leave winners and losers at an economic level in some of the main economic sectors of the country. Here are some of the keys.

INDUSTRY. The big industry is one of the sectors most threatened and pressured by the rising cost of pollution. The sector's challenge is to make changes in its production chain to reduce its CO2 emissions, whose cost has increased in the last two years from five euros per ton to 24 euros . The problem for these companies is that the changes involve a huge investment and the loss of short-term productivity in a global world where the industry of other continents, less pressured by environmental aspects, threatens to eat their market.

ENERGY. It is one of the sectors where the transition will impact the most. The changes will revolutionize the way of supply and consumption of electricity as we know it today. Some of the plants that have been the main sources of light in recent decades, such as coal or nuclear thermal, will cease their activity and will be replaced by renewable energy , whose location can vary from a large installation in the middle of the field to roofs of the consumers themselves. The power companies that own the large plants are accelerating the changes in their generation portfolio to avoid as much as possible losing market share compared to the new green competitors.

TRANSPORT. Aviation is one of the most important sectors in the fight against climate change. The sector supports 2% of CO2 emissions and the number of passengers grows every year. Since 2005 it has increased 50%. Ryanair is among the 10 companies in Europe that emit more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Some European countries have claimed to Brussels an aviation fee that serious this activity and compensates for this damage that it generates in the environment. Some airlines have presented emission reduction plans, but the problem is that the available technology still cannot solve . "There are no electric drones yet capable of bringing tourists from Manchester to Mallorca," ironizes a source in the sector.

Gas stations also face a change that threatens their survival if they are unable to adjust to the changes that will mark the energy transition in road transport. The progressive increase in taxes on gasoline and diesel and the evolution of the electric vehicle, both in cost reduction and in improved autonomy, will force these facilities to change their current suppliers to accommodate a new refueling model . The three refineries that operate in Spain will also have to undertake major restructuring processes in a world where oil will gradually lose weight.

A key sector: tourism

The tourism sector is one of the major victims of climate change. In countries like Spain, Italy or Greece it is feared that many of the sun and beach destinations are affected by rising temperatures , with an impact on our coasts.

For José Luis Zoreda, Executive Vice President of Exceltur, the sector is working on this challenge, "although we should not fall into the drama of thinking that we are going to run out of beaches," he says. This expert believes that there is some stigmatization by some countries that "create an adverse feeling of flying . " 75% of tourists arriving in Spain do so by plane, but the air transport sector "is only responsible for 2% of the ozone footprint".

«Until very recently, nobody considered that an economic activity based on the healthy desire to know and enjoy the most beautiful places on our planet could contribute to its destruction . Now we know this with empirical evidence, ”says Chris Pomeroy, CEO of Intertourism, who has created a map of sensitive, more crowded areas.

The Government: "change of model towards sustainability"

The Government is working for a change in the “towards a more sustainable and sustained” model, they point out from the Ministry of Tourism. "We seek the diversification of markets to attract tourists from countries other than our traditional European issuers, in which we look for another visitor profile."

It is about promoting products other than sun and beach, based on ecotourism, gastronomic, cultural, heritage ... ». Data for the first nine months of the year show that Spain has made progress in the diversification of its issuers, with an increase in visitors from the US or China.

LOGISTICS. The growth of ecommerce and the speed with which commerce is adapting to omnichannel has a direct impact on the environment: the delivery of orders in less than two hours or free returns ... Everything involves multiplying traffic in cities For example: during this Black Friday more than 3.5 million orders are expected . This, only the Monday following Black Friday. In logistics, technology helps design routes and minimize impact.

Many companies use electric vehicles. The manufacturers of new, more ecological or sustainable containers, alternative to plastic, also win.

BANKING. Financial institutions will also have to measure the environmental impact of their portfolios before the introduction of green criteria in the financial stress tests . A large part of the risk for the sector is linked to polluting industries that may see their activity in danger in the coming years. In addition, just measuring this risk will have a high risk for entities.

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