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In the contest of the worst student in Europe in terms of antibiotic consumption, France comes third, just behind Greece and Cyprus. Overconsumption that allows bacteria to adapt, and then resist the effects of these drugs. Antimicrobial resistance could kill more people in 2050 than cancer. So how to fight? Professor France Roblot, head of the Infectious Diseases Department at Poitiers University Hospital, gave some insights on Melanie Gomez's microphone, on Europe 1.
In France, about 12,500 deaths per year are estimated to be related to resistant bacteria. "In any case, thousands of patients die of infections related to resistant bacteria.If they die," it is often because we are in a situation of therapeutic impasse, "says France Roblot, and that the The medical profession can no longer find treatments that work, and contrary to popular belief, these bacteria are not only caught in the hospital.
"These bacteria are mostly in our flora, our microbiota, in our digestive tract, on our skin." "The resistant bacteria, we are the ones who host them", insists the professor, for whom the first stage of the fight consists in the awareness of everyone.
"86% of French people consider antimicrobial resistance worrying, but 63% think that it does not concern them." We see incredible situations where young women, who have no particular ground, will do cystitis due to extremely resistant bacteria They will be forced to go to the hospital to receive antibiotics, for an infection that could normally be treated by the general practitioner. "
Do not reuse drugs, follow treatment until the end
The head of department insists on the importance of diagnosis, especially since, as recalled by Dr. Jimmy Mohamed, 30 to 50% of antibiotic prescriptions provided by general practitioners are inadequate.
For France Roblot, "only the doctor can determine whether to prescribe antibiotics", not the patient. We must not reuse its medicines without medical advice if we have more, and especially respect "both the dose and duration of treatment," she recalls.
"Do not under-dose your treatment, if you are told that you have to take it twice a day, do not have fun taking it once. destroy all the most sensitive bacteria and let only the strongest survive. "
Dispense drugs to the unit
Another way to reduce antimicrobial resistance is to dispense the medicine on its own. "It has been tested in the Southeast, and there has been a 13% decrease in the number of tablets or capsules that have been dispensed, and there has been even a marginal improvement in adherence," says Professor Roblot. If we do not know yet if this experiment could be generalized elsewhere in France, the track is promising, and "it is a European recommendation".
Vaccines, phages: tracks for research
On the research side, several projects are in the pipeline. New antibiotics are being studied, which use a mode of action different from the previous ones and will not be sensitive to the same resistances. We are also returning today to phagotherapy, which in reality has been around for a long time.
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"Phage are viruses that are specific to a bacterium that is responsible for an infection and capable of destroying it, but we do not know how to make it for all bacteria, but studies are under way, and some people have received phages with a lot of of success ", testifies France Roblot. "There are also ongoing trials on vaccines against strains of staphylococci or E. coli, which are bacteria that can be very resistant."