Turks at the polls to choose their mayors, a test for Erdogan. In large Turkish cities, voters will also choose their mayor but also return to Istanbul and Ankara.

It is a question of washing away the affront of 2019 by dislodging the outgoing mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, an opposition figure who took away the main and richest city of the country. If Imamoglu manages to hold on, he will have won his battle to establish himself as leader for the presidential election, notes Bayram Balci, researcher at the Center for International Studies.