The pension reform project, supported by Elisabeth Borne's government, is giving rise to a showdown between the government and the street. Since the middle of January 2023, has manifested itself in the use of traditional forms of mobilization (strikes, demonstrations), channeled by a unanimous inter-union front.

In fact, whatever the nature of their majority, successive governments over the past 20 years have almost always resorted to Article 49.3 to pass projects that profoundly modify the social system or labour regulations.