In the 1990s, the novel and short story scene in Egypt changed. The Ministry of Culture’s magazines faltered, and began to be published quarterly after being regularly published monthly.
Instructions for “American cultural globalization” were issued, and American intelligence, “through the American University in Cairo,” pumped in crowds of young people. Hundreds of novels and stories were published containing tales of unnatural sexual relations and “circumcision” that killed “femininity” among rural girls. The writers who wrote about the reality of minorities have turned into a cultural investment subject.