Researchers at the University of Cambridge found no difference in psychological well-being or the quality of family relationships. The research, conducted over two decades, further suggests that informing children about their biological origins, before they start school, can be advantageous for family relationships and healthy adaptation.

The study is the first to examine the long-term effects (it has been conducted over 20 years) of different types of third-party assisted reproduction on the upbringing and acceptance of children. Researchers followed 65 UK families with children born by assisted reproduction from infancy to early adulthood (20 years)