British scientists conducted a retrospective analysis of 27 studies. Long-term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of breast cancer by 45%.

The relevant paper was published in the latest issue of the journal Anti-Cancer Research. PM2.5 is tiny pollutants that come from exhaust, manufacturing, cooking, cigarettes and e-cigarettes. They travel into the lungs and then into the bloodstream, where they circulate throughout the body. The researchers highlighted that other cancers linked to exposure to PM2,5 include stomach, lung, bladder, bowel, ovary and uterine cancer.