More is expected of top managers today: they should be efficient as well as flexible and innovative. Artificial intelligence applications provide managers with powerful tools to respond more quickly to new trends.

Ambition alone is not enough: many people want to lead in such an environment, but only a few can actually do it. “Not every person is suitable as a managing director. Many important qualities cannot be trained,” says Kaan Bludau, founder of the Frankfurt-based HR consultancy BludAU Partners.