Winter of 2023/2024 is neither a warm winter nor a cold winter, and is a normal year. El Niño event formed and developed last year and continues to this day.
Most important factors affecting cold and warm winters are mid- and high-latitude circulation systems such as the Siberian High and the polar vortex. Cold air activities were more active this winter, with more cold waves and stronger intensity. A total of 11 cold air processes affected my country (including 3 cold waves), which was more than the same period in normal years.