German-French historian and political scientist Alfred Grosser is dead. He died at the age of 99, his family confirmed to the AFP news agency on Thursday.

Grosser was one of the pioneers of the Élysée Treaty, with which German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and French President Charles de Gaulle sealed the close cooperation between the two countries that were enemies in the Second World War. In recent decades he has positioned himself primarily as a controversial critic of Israel, which he found too uncritical of Israel's dealings with the Palestinians.