In Lebanon, UNRWA is vital for a majority of Palestinian refugees. Some 490,000 people are registered in the registers of the United Nations Agency for Palestinian Refugees, Unrwa.

The agency estimates their number at 250,000 to which must be added more than 30,000 Palestinians who have fled Syria. In the Gaza Strip, where Hamas took power in 2007, the humanitarian situation was critical before the war between Israel and the Palestinian Islamist movement. According to UN data dating from August 2023, 63% of residents lived below the poverty line.