Focusing on the four major actions of equipment update, trade-in of consumer goods, recycling, and standard improvement——
Promote the upgrading of equipment and consumer goods (policy interpretation)
The State Council recently issued the "Action Plan for Promoting Large-Scale Equipment Renewal and Trade-in of Consumer Goods" (hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan") to coordinate the expansion of domestic demand and deepen the supply-side structural reform, combined with the differentiated needs for the replacement of various types of equipment and consumer goods, around the implementation of equipment The system deploys 20 key tasks in 5 aspects, including four major actions: renewal, trade-in of consumer goods, recycling, and standard improvement.
What’s the point of promoting large-scale device updates and trade-ins of consumer goods? How can the four major actions be carried out better? The reporter conducted the interview.
Implement equipment update actions to promote equipment updates and upgrades in the direction of high-end, smart, and green
The "Action Plan" proposes to implement equipment update actions. Promote the updating and transformation of equipment in key industries, accelerate the updating of equipment in the construction and municipal infrastructure fields, support the updating of transportation equipment and old agricultural machinery, and improve the level of education, culture, tourism and medical equipment.
Industry is a key area for large-scale equipment renewal. "Industry is both the supplier and the demand side of various types of equipment." Yu Xiaohui, president of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, said that by the end of 2023, the assets of my country's industrial enterprises above designated size have exceeded 167 trillion yuan, and the number of key equipments held is leading the world. For example, the number of industrial robots accounts for 1/3 of the world, and the newly installed capacity exceeds half of the global total; the installed capacity of new energy equipment such as wind power has remained first in the world for many years.
"Large-scale equipment updates should be targeted at key industries with large equipment scale and great update potential, and use equipment upgrades to drive the overall competitiveness of my country's manufacturing industry." In Yu Xiaohui's view, the next step is to promote equipment to be high-end, smart, and green. Orientation update and upgrade.
Higher end. The "Action Plan" proposes to establish a long-term mechanism that combines incentives and constraints to accelerate the elimination of backward products and equipment. This will encourage industrial enterprises to eliminate a batch of outdated and inefficient equipment that has expired, accelerate the replacement of a batch of advanced equipment in key industries such as machinery, aviation, and shipbuilding, and promote the large-scale application of high-tech, high-efficiency, and high-reliability equipment.
Smarter. The "Action Plan" proposes to promote the application of intelligent manufacturing equipment and software, accelerate the construction and popularization of the industrial Internet, and cultivate a new model of intelligent empowerment of the digital economy. This will promote industrial enterprises to speed up the transformation of "dumb" equipment, widely apply CNC machine tools, industrial robots, intelligent manufacturing equipment and industrial software such as industrial control, intelligent logistics, sensing and detection, and accelerate the integration innovation and large-scale application of "5G + Industrial Internet". Explore new models of intelligent manufacturing based on artificial intelligence, and promote the "intelligent digital transformation to network connection" in the manufacturing industry across the entire domain, chain, and links.
Greener. There are a large number of energy-consuming enterprises in my country's industrial sector, covering a wide range of areas, and there is huge room for energy conservation and efficiency improvement. The "Action Plan" proposes to accelerate the promotion of energy-using equipment with advanced energy efficiency and energy-saving levels, and implement energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformations in different industries and fields. This will accelerate the promotion and application of energy-saving and environmentally friendly green equipment in key energy-consuming industries and key links, promote the energy efficiency upgrade of energy-consuming equipment such as motors, transformers, and boilers, accelerate the application of green equipment in steel, non-ferrous metals, building materials and other industries, and promote the update of key energy-using equipment throughout society. upgrade.
Yu Xiaohui believes that the "Action Plan" proposes to include qualified equipment update projects into the scope of financial support such as investment within the central budget, and to include digitalization and intelligent transformation into the scope of preferential treatment, which will further expand the scope of policy benefits, effectively reduce corporate investment costs, and enhance corporate Willingness to update equipment.
Implement the trade-in campaign for consumer goods to better meet the demand for replacement of existing consumer goods
The "Action Plan" proposes to implement the action of replacing old consumer goods with new ones. Carry out the trade-in of old cars and home appliances, and promote the replacement of home improvement consumer goods.
Since the reform and opening up, my country's economy has grown rapidly and durable consumer goods have become widely popular. By the end of 2022, the number of cars per 1,000 people in my country has reached 226, and the average number of air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, and color TVs per 100 households has reached 133.9, 104.2, 99, and 118.9 units respectively.
Wang Qing, deputy director of the Institute of Market Economics of the Development Research Center of the State Council, believes that in recent years, the demand for the replacement of consumer goods stocks has continued to increase, and our country's consumer market is generally moving from the "incremental era" to the "incremental and inventory equal emphasis era", "implementation Replacing old consumer goods with new ones is conducive to promoting the transformation of the consumer market from 'have it' to 'is it good', is conducive to consolidating the economic recovery and improving the quality and level of the national economic cycle, and is conducive to promoting the change of development momentum and cultivating new productivity."
"Trading in old products for new ones is not a simple replacement of similar products, but a trend of higher-end, smarter, more environmentally friendly and more personalized needs," Wang Qing said.
How to effectively start and continue to promote the trade-in of consumer goods? Wang Qing believes that there are several key points.
Powerful stimulation and comprehensive mobilization. Adhere to the linkage between the central and local governments, coordinate and support all links of the entire chain, and achieve coordinated linkage and comprehensive policies between production, supply and marketing, upstream and downstream, government, enterprises and citizens, online and offline, and implement comprehensive policies to benefit more consumers. Strengthen central policy support, improve tax support policies and optimize financial support, and better play a guiding role for local governments and business entities. Optimize the design of policy mechanisms to fully stimulate the enthusiasm of production companies, platform companies, recycling companies, dismantling companies, and consumers.
Systematic planning to clear up blocking points. In the implementation of the policy, we must more respect consumers' choices, improve consumers' ability to pay, give full play to consumers' subjective initiative, and focus more on how to lead and promote the upgrading of the consumer side. Promote the circulation of goods through the trade-in action, enhance the value of commodity transactions in each link, and create reasonable profit space for business entities.
Advance flexibly to unleash potential. Focus on organizing and carrying out trade-in activities by stages and product categories to create a consumer market atmosphere where vitality continues to burst out. Oriented by convenience and benefits, various policy tools such as consumer subsidies, consumer coupons, and consumer loan discounts should be comprehensively used to simplify the policy application process, especially to cater for the needs of the elderly and rural residents. Strengthen publicity on the safety of durable consumer goods and gradually increase consumers' awareness of safety precautions in the use of old home appliances.
Implement recycling actions, implement comprehensive conservation strategies, and improve resource utilization efficiency
The "Action Plan" proposes to implement recycling actions. Improve the recycling network of used products and equipment, support the circulation and trading of second-hand goods, promote remanufacturing and step-by-step utilization in an orderly manner, and promote high-level recycling of resources.
According to statistics, more than 200 million major electrical products are scrapped in my country every year; more than 400 million mobile phones are scrapped each year. These waste products and equipment contain a large amount of recyclable resources such as steel, nonferrous metals, precious metals, plastics, and rubber. "It is estimated that after careful dismantling of a scrapped small car, about 36 kilograms of rubber, 70 kilograms of plastic, 740 kilograms of iron, and 100 kilograms of aluminum can be decomposed; 1 ton of scrap mobile phones can extract 400 grams of gold and 2,300 grams of silver. ; An ordinary refrigerator can recycle 9 kilograms of plastic, 38.6 kilograms of iron, and 1.4 kilograms of copper." Zhu Liyang, president of the China Circular Economy Association, believes that the effective recycling of these resources is equivalent to opening a "second mine" that can Reduce the demand for primary resources, reduce the pressure of mineral resource mining on the natural environment, and at the same time create a broad market for the renewable resource recycling industry.
Zhu Liyang believes that to solve the problem of recycling, we must grasp several focus points.
Explore new recycling models and strive to improve the renewable resource recycling network. At present, my country's waste product and equipment recycling network needs to be improved, and recycling channels are not smooth. Some products and equipment are idle in the hands of enterprises or consumers or are still being used beyond their useful life, and some are flowing into non-standard recycling channels. The "Action Plan" proposes to accelerate the development of the "replacement + recycling" logistics system and new model, and further improve the renewable resource recycling network, which will help improve the efficiency and quality of recycling processing.
Strengthen the management of platform enterprises and strive to standardize the circulation and transactions of second-hand goods. In recent years, the size of my country's second-hand idle market has exceeded one trillion yuan, and the number of users has reached hundreds of millions. However, there are still problems such as imperfect trading systems and irregular transaction procedures. The "Action Plan" deploys the continuous optimization of second-hand car transaction registration management, promotes second-hand commodity trading platform companies to establish and improve the evaluation mechanism of distribution companies and users within the platform, and will effectively promote related transactions to be more standardized and normalized, forming a more healthy and orderly second-hand commodity market. .
Increase technological research and development and innovation, and strive to improve the level of resource recycling and utilization. Resource recycling is a key part of the recycling process. The "Action Plan" addresses issues such as technological bottlenecks and weak development capabilities for deep processing and high value-added products in the recycling industry, and proposes technological innovation and mechanism innovation measures by category. For example, the active and orderly development of biomass liquid fuels with waste oils and non-food biomass as the main raw materials, research on expanding the coverage of the waste electrical and electronic product treatment system, etc., provide the basis for a more comprehensive and in-depth recycling of waste materials. solution.
Implement standard improvement actions to reduce corporate costs and improve market efficiency
The "Action Plan" proposes to implement actions to improve standards. Accelerate the improvement of energy consumption, emissions, and technical standards, strengthen the improvement of product technical standards, strengthen the supply of resource recycling standards, and strengthen the connection between domestic and international standards in key areas.
Standards are an important driving force for industry development and product upgrades. "Based on the international advanced level, combined with the actual development of the industry, taking overall consideration of enterprise affordability and consumer acceptance, accelerating the formulation and revision of standards in relevant fields will help promote the development of more high-end, intelligent, and green products and equipment in China." China said Lin Ling, chief expert of the Institute of Standardization.
Accelerate the improvement of green and low-carbon standards. "my country currently has 99 energy consumption limit standards, covering electric power, steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, chemicals and other industries. There are 78 mandatory national standards for energy efficiency of end-use energy products and equipment, covering household appliances, commercial equipment, industrial equipment, office equipment, etc. Equipment and lighting fixtures and other fields." Lin Ling said that the "Action Plan" proposes to speed up the formulation and revision of a batch of mandatory national standards for energy consumption limits and product and equipment energy efficiency, which can force the industry to improve quality by raising the entry threshold and strengthening energy efficiency constraints. upgrade. The "Action Plan" also proposes to accelerate the improvement of emission standards for key industries and optimize and improve the emission control level of air and water pollutants. "There are currently 177 effective emission standards. However, with the advancement of science and technology and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, emission standards need to be continuously updated and improved to better promote the construction of ecological civilization in my country and protect public health." Lin Ling said.
Comprehensively improve the technical standards of equipment and products. At present, my country has initially established a product standard system covering energy, resources, environment, safety, performance and other index requirements, covering product categories such as home appliances and furniture. The "Action Plan" proposes to focus on bulk consumer goods such as automobiles, home appliances, household products, consumer electronics, and civilian drones, and accelerate the upgrading of safety, health, performance, environmental protection, testing and other standards. Lin Ling believes that this can not only promote technological innovation and product upgrading of enterprises, but also guide consumers to form healthier and more environmentally friendly consumption concepts, promote the transformation and upgrading of market demand, and cultivate new consumption growth points.
The Action Plan also proposes to strengthen the connection between domestic and international standards in key areas. "Relevant domestic institutions and enterprises should keep abreast of the latest changes and trends in international standards. Domestic standardization agencies should strengthen communication, cooperation and negotiation with international standardization organizations to promote mutual recognition of standards." Lin Ling believes that through the mutual recognition mechanism, It can reduce repeated testing and certification links, reduce corporate costs, and improve market efficiency, especially conducive to the "going out" of key industries such as new energy vehicles and photovoltaics.
Liu Zhiqiang
(People's Daily)