Improve energy-saving standards and optimize energy-using structures. There is huge potential for energy-saving and carbon reduction in the building sector.

Improve energy conservation standards, optimize energy consumption structure, and eliminate energy waste

There is huge potential for energy conservation and carbon reduction in the construction sector (Industrial Economic Outlook)

　　Reporters Liu Zhiqiang and Ding Yiting

　　The construction sector is one of the main areas of energy consumption and carbon emissions in our country. As the urbanization rate and residents' living standards continue to improve, my country's energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the construction sector will maintain rigid growth, and there is huge potential for energy conservation and carbon reduction.

　　Recently, the General Office of the State Council forwarded the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development's "Work Plan for Accelerating Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction in the Building Sector" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), focusing on systematic deployment in improving energy efficiency in the building sector and reducing carbon emission levels. 12 key tasks were carried out. In the next step, the reporter conducted an interview on how the construction field will vigorously promote energy conservation and carbon reduction.

Improve the energy conservation and carbon reduction level of new buildings and promote the renovation and upgrading of existing buildings

　　In Huangpu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, modular houses are being hoisted in an orderly manner at the construction site of the future rural new building industrialization demonstration project. Soon, more than 200 green, low-carbon, comfortable and livable new farmhouses will rise from the ground.

　　Walking into the model room, Fan Zesen, deputy general manager and chief architect of China State Construction Science and Technology, introduced energy-saving "tips" to reporters:

　　On the one hand, make full use of natural lighting and energy-saving structural design. The north and south exterior windows adopt energy-saving windows with high light transmittance and low heat transfer coefficient; well-designed overhanging sunshade eaves and sunshade curtains can effectively reduce solar radiation; a double-layer roof design that combines sloped roofs and flat roofs, with thickening design The indoor insulation layer can effectively reduce indoor heat loss.

　　On the other hand, the integrated solution of "photovoltaic storage, direct and flexible" is used to store the photovoltaic energy on the roof and achieve flexible use. "With the help of the 'light storage direct flexible' system, the average monthly power generation of a 300-square-meter five-bedroom apartment reaches 870 kilowatt hours, and it can be self-sufficient when there is sufficient sunlight." Fan Zesen said that the project was built using new building industrialization intelligent technology, and 80% of the workload is in The completion of the smart factory can not only improve construction efficiency, but also reduce the impact of construction on the environment.

　　Improving the energy conservation and carbon reduction level of new buildings is an important guarantee for promoting energy conservation and carbon reduction in the construction field from the source. "Compared with developed countries, my country's urbanization rate still has much room for improvement. The gradual improvement of people's living standards has put forward higher requirements for building functions and indoor environment, which will inevitably put pressure on the control of building energy consumption and carbon emission intensity. ." said Xu Wei, chief scientist of the China Academy of Building Research. To this end, the "Plan" proposes to optimize the energy-saving and carbon-reducing design of new buildings, vigorously promote ultra-low-energy buildings, promote the construction of green and low-carbon farm buildings, and strictly implement mandatory standards for building energy-saving and carbon reduction.

　　Improving building energy-saving standards is the key to improving the energy-saving and carbon-reducing levels of new buildings. The "Plan" proposes to distinguish between different stages, building types, and climate zones, formulate and revise a batch of building energy-saving standards in an orderly manner, and gradually raise the energy-saving standards for new urban civil buildings to ultra-low energy consumption levels. Xu Wei believes that in practice, regions with developed economies and mature technologies should take the lead in improving the energy conservation and carbon reduction levels of new buildings, accelerate the promotion of ultra-low energy consumption, near-zero energy consumption, low-carbon and zero-carbon buildings, and actively cultivate leading enterprises. Form a competitive industrial chain and lay the foundation for large-scale promotion; public buildings invested by the government must actively be constructed according to ultra-low energy consumption, near-zero energy consumption, low-carbon and zero-carbon building standards, and give full play to their role as a demonstration.

　　Different from new buildings, the total number of existing buildings in my country is large, the energy consumption and carbon emission intensity are high, and energy-saving and carbon-reducing renovations are difficult. Over the years, my country has continued to promote energy-saving and carbon-reducing renovation of existing buildings, with a total renovation area of ​​more than 2.4 billion square meters completed. "According to estimates, nearly 40% of the country's existing buildings are still non-energy-saving buildings, and more than 30% of existing public buildings have a service life of more than 20 years. Many old residential buildings have poor envelope structures and old equipment. Low efficiency and lack of operation and maintenance management have resulted in my country's building life cycle energy consumption accounting for a relatively high proportion of the country's total energy consumption." said Ni Jiangbo, vice president of the China Building Energy Conservation Association. These buildings will continue to operate for a long time, and there is an urgent need for coordinated efforts in technology, industry, capital and other aspects to accelerate energy-saving and carbon-reducing renovations.

　　The "Plan" clarifies that the energy efficiency of the energy-saving renovation part of residential buildings meets the current standards, and that the overall energy efficiency of public buildings without energy-saving measures can be improved by more than 20% after renovation. Xu Wei believes that for existing buildings in cities and towns, all regions should carry out comprehensive surveys, formulate annual renovation plans for existing buildings on a city-by-city basis, and clarify key contents such as key energy-using equipment, exterior wall insulation, door and window renovation, etc., combined with the public environment of the community. Renovation, renovation of old communities, and winter cleaning and heating in northern areas will be coordinated and promoted; for existing rural buildings, the principles of farmer voluntariness, local conditions, and one policy for each household should be adhered to, and the walls, doors, windows, roofs, floors, etc. of the houses should be menu-based. Micro transformation.

Increase the application of photovoltaics, waste heat, geothermal energy, etc., and optimize the energy consumption structure of buildings

　　"There are 59 photovoltaic panels installed on the roof of my house, which not only provide thermal insulation and warmth, but also generate electricity generation income." Ms. Xu, a villager in Kefang Village, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province, is very satisfied with her "Sunshine Passbook". In 2023, LONGi Green Energy will start building a "photovoltaic zero-carbon village" in Kefang Village. According to estimates, the project will build 6 megawatts of distributed photovoltaic for about 300 villagers, generating about 7.91 million kilowatt hours of electricity every year. The green electricity generated will basically offset the village's daily carbon emissions.

　　“Buildings of the future will be products that can generate electricity, save energy, and are deeply integrated with architectural styles and surrounding application scenarios.” Zhong Baoshen, chairman of LONGi Green Energy, believes that relevant industries should think deeply about the needs of rural users and provide durable, Products with beautiful appearance and solutions that perfectly integrate with local characteristics of residential buildings.

　　In Dezhou City, Shandong Province, a rural glass greenhouse covering an area of ​​505 acres uses medium-deep geothermal heating, keeping the greenhouse always warm as spring; in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, a rural biomass centralized heating project efficiently uses straw to provide heating for residents... everywhere We are actively promoting the low-carbon transformation of energy use in rural buildings and other facilities.

　　"According to statistics, the photovoltaic installed capacity potential on the roofs of rural buildings and other facilities in my country exceeds 1.9 billion kilowatts. In the future, more than 80% of rural areas can basically rely solely on the building's own photovoltaic power generation and surrounding hydropower to provide production and living energy." In China Jiang Yi, academician of the Academy of Engineering and director of the Building Energy Efficiency Research Center of Tsinghua University, believes that rural areas still have abundant biomass resources, which can be converted into zero-carbon fuels using more mature biomass fuel, biogas and other technologies, "accelerating the transformation of rural areas" Energy use methods can transform rural areas from fossil energy consumers to important producers of low-carbon and zero-carbon energy, which can effectively solve rural energy problems and environmental pollution problems."

　　Not just rural areas. At present, the proportion of fossil energy consumption in my country's building energy consumption structure is still high. For example, some areas still consume a large amount of coal for heating in winter, and the emissions of carbon dioxide and atmospheric pollutants are large. To this end, the "Plan" proposes a series of measures to promote the low-carbon transformation of building energy use, requiring that the application of photovoltaics, waste heat, geothermal and other energy resources in the building field be increased based on actual conditions.

　　——Improve the level of building electrification.

　　"The "Plan" proposes to promote the comprehensive electrification of new public buildings and increase the electrification rate of residential heating, domestic hot water, cooking, etc. This can gradually reduce the terminal fossil energy consumption of buildings and effectively improve the level of clean energy consumption in buildings." Jiang Yi Analysis shows that at present, the penetration rate of natural gas for cooking, domestic hot water, heating, etc. in urban buildings in my country is relatively high. There are also a certain number of steam boilers in hospitals, hotels, etc. that use gas or coal. There is great potential for electrification of building energy.

　　Improving the level of building electrification is also supported by practical conditions. "Currently, various functional electric equipment such as induction cookers, electric cookers, and electric water heaters on the market can basically meet the daily needs of families, hospitals, restaurants, etc. In addition, the current actual residential electricity prices in our country are relatively low. , has a price advantage compared with gas, and increasing the proportion of electricity in buildings can also effectively reduce energy costs." Jiang Yi said.

　　——Actively support the development of integrated building photovoltaics.

　　At present, my country's installed photovoltaic power generation capacity has exceeded 600 million kilowatts and will grow rapidly in the future. It is expected that the installed photovoltaic capacity in urban and rural buildings and surrounding areas across the country will reach 2.85 billion kilowatts, which can provide sufficient space for the installation of photovoltaic panels.

　　To this end, the "Plan" proposes to "formulate and improve relevant standards and atlases for integrated building photovoltaic construction, and pilot the integrated photovoltaic construction of new buildings such as industrial plants, public buildings, and residential buildings" and "promote the overall participation of building groups in power demand response and adjustment." Peak" and other measures. Jiang Yi believes that in the future, by promoting the application of technologies such as "light storage and direct softness", cold and heat storage, and flexible load adjustment, we can further tap into building energy storage and flexible energy resources, and promote the transformation of buildings from mere electricity consumers to " Electricity prosumers with the functions of “production, consumption, storage and regulation”.

　　——Promote the gradual reduction of fossil energy heating in buildings.

　　At present, my country's building heating sources mainly include centralized combined heat and power plants, regional coal-fired gas boiler rooms, etc., which produce a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions every year. In response to this problem, the "Plan" proposes to promote combined heat and power central heating according to local conditions, support the application of geothermal energy, biomass energy, and solar heating in buildings, and carry out waste heat utilization from thermal power, factories, and nuclear power.

　　In Jiang Yi’s view, accelerating the optimization of the building heating energy structure and vigorously implementing the construction and renovation of supporting infrastructure can effectively stimulate investment and significantly reduce heating operation costs. “For example, in low-density buildings with a floor area ratio of less than 3 In areas where air sources, soil sources, mid-to-deep geothermal source heat pumps, etc. can be promoted first, solar heat can also be fully utilized when the building density is lower. In high-density building areas with a floor area ratio greater than 3, in order to meet the higher heating requirements Demand can promote the full use of waste heat from the production processes of nuclear power, thermal power and waste incineration plants as well as metallurgy, chemicals, non-ferrous metals, building materials and other industries."

Strengthen energy-saving and carbon-reducing management of building operations and scientifically formulate energy consumption quota benchmarks

　　In Hangzhou, Zhejiang, on the roof terrace of a five-star hotel, two rows of high-efficiency air source heat pumps are operating in an orderly manner. The air source heat pump is connected to the smart energy and carbon management platform, which enables remote setting of operating parameters and intelligent start and stop based on energy demand.

　　"The platform will automatically adjust unit load changes based on outdoor temperature changes, energy usage habits, etc., thereby ensuring a relatively constant water supply temperature and heat supply, which not only meets the normal use of rooms, swimming pools, etc., but also does not waste." ENN Group Pan-Energy Network According to the relevant person in charge, after the hotel undergoes energy transformation, the overall energy efficiency of the heating and hot water system will increase by about 30%, and related operation and maintenance costs can be reduced by about 10%.

　　The building operation phase is an important part of the building's energy consumption and carbon emissions. Strengthening energy-saving and carbon-reducing management of building operations is a powerful way to improve building energy efficiency and reduce carbon dioxide emissions at a lower cost.

　　"At present, the energy-saving guidance mechanism for residents' behavior in our country is not yet complete. Some large transportation stations, schools and other public places lack strict energy-saving management regulations, and energy waste in refrigeration, heating, lighting and other equipment is serious." Xu Wei told reporters that in order to solve the problem Regarding these issues, the "Plan" proposes a series of measures, calling for accelerating the elimination of inefficient and backward energy-using equipment, establishing an energy-saving supervision system for public buildings, establishing and implementing a room temperature control mechanism for public buildings, and carrying out commissioning and maintenance of key energy-using equipment.

　　How do all relevant parties in various regions implement it? Xu Wei believes that for public buildings, energy consumption quota benchmarks should be scientifically formulated, inspections of winter and summer indoor temperature control, energy-using equipment and system operation of buildings should be carried out in accordance with the law, and building management units should be urged to regularly carry out debugging and maintenance of key energy-using equipment; for residential buildings , it is necessary to combine large-scale equipment updates and trade-in of consumer goods with new ones, increase the promotion of high-efficiency and energy-saving home appliances and other equipment, and encourage residents to speed up the elimination of inefficient and backward energy-using equipment.

　　In order to ensure the smooth progress of relevant work, the "Plan" puts forward supporting measures in terms of strengthening the leadership of technological innovation, consolidating the basis of statistical accounting, improving the support of laws and regulations, and enriching economic incentive policies. Ni Jiangbo believes that relevant measures are highly targeted and operational, providing a strong guarantee for achieving the main goals. (People's Daily)