Once charging stations are built, new energy vehicles will start running
——Investigation on the construction of automobile charging infrastructure in Hainan
Reporter Wang Wei and Pan Shipeng
With the rapid development of my country's new energy vehicle market, the public's attention to vehicle charging continues to rise. The construction of charging infrastructure and the improvement of service levels are closely related to the travel charging needs of the masses, and are related to the development of the new energy vehicle industry. Building a high-quality charging infrastructure system will help better meet the public's needs for purchasing and using new energy vehicles, thereby further releasing the consumption potential of new energy vehicles.
How to scientifically lay out and build the charging infrastructure system appropriately and ahead of schedule? How to optimize supporting services? Looking to the future, what other issues need to be resolved? Economic Daily reporters launched an investigation in Hainan.
As concepts such as low-carbon environmental protection and green travel gradually gain popularity, new energy vehicles and upstream and downstream industries have developed rapidly in recent years. The development of new energy vehicles in Hainan is a specific measure to promote the ecological province strategy. As a national ecological civilization pilot zone with unique natural resources such as blue sea, blue sky and tropical rainforest, Hainan is striving to build a first-class ecological, green and low-carbon free trade port.
In March 2019, the "Hainan Province Clean Energy Vehicle Development Plan" was issued. This is an important document for Hainan to effectively reduce the emission of motor vehicle pollutants and promote the formation of a green production and lifestyle. The development plan sets the goal of banning the sale of fuel vehicles in Hainan by 2030, making Hainan the first province in China to propose a timetable for banning the sale of fuel vehicles.
The layout and operation of new energy vehicle charging facilities is a prerequisite for promoting new energy vehicles. In the past five years, how has the construction of new energy vehicle charging infrastructure in Hainan been? A reporter's investigation found that new energy vehicle charging stations are spread across the island, and Hainan has made great progress in promoting new energy vehicles.
Coordinate and promote supporting construction
"Do any of you in the group want to switch to a car? I bought a two-year-old gasoline truck and want to switch to a tram. If you are interested, please contact us!" Ms. Li, who works in a hotel on Dongyu Island in Boao, has to drive in Qionghai City every day. She traveled between the district and Boao Town, and driving a gas-powered car made her feel pressured by fuel costs, so she jokingly asked new energy car owners to exchange their vehicles in the WeChat group. In Hainan, in recent years, the transition from the government's promotion of new energy trams to the general public's initiative to switch to new energy trams has been completed.
The development of clean energy vehicles in Hainan is the main means to build Hainan's green, intelligent transportation and energy system, and is also a key task to create an example of clean energy utilization for global island economies. Hainan has clarified the promotion and application scope of clean energy vehicles based on actual conditions, and will include pure electric vehicles, plug-in (extended range) hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles and other new energy vehicles as the main promotion routes.
Since 2016, Hainan has issued more than 40 supporting policies around the promotion of new energy vehicles in various aspects such as research and development, production, purchase subsidies, use and operation, and charging infrastructure construction. The policy incentives and constraints supervision system for the promotion of new energy vehicles in Hainan becoming more and more perfect.
In order to increase the proportion of new energy vehicles in various fields in Hainan, "Hainan Province's Several Measures to Encourage the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles from 2023 to 2025" was introduced, and "real money" was used to subsidize new energy vehicles.
In the car use phase, for individuals and other fields in Hainan Province who purchase new new energy vehicles and register them in Hainan Province, if the charging capacity can be calculated, the charging capacity within one year from the registration of the vehicle is greater than 2,000 kilowatt hours. (Inclusive) Each vehicle can apply for a one-time charging subsidy of 2,000 yuan, and each vehicle with less than 2,000 kWh can apply for a one-time charging subsidy of 1,500 yuan.
The promotion and application of new energy vehicles in Hainan is proceeding steadily and rapidly. The orderly advancement of charging infrastructure construction provides a strong guarantee for the rapid promotion of new energy vehicles. People have gone from being skeptical to understanding and accepting, and then to widespread deployment, and the "charging security" provided by the car charging infrastructure is indispensable. Hainan has successively issued documents such as the "Hainan Province Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Plan (2019-2030)" and "Hainan Province Interim Management Measures for the Construction and Operation of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure" to promote the layout of charging infrastructure.
In terms of policy support, Hainan provides construction subsidies and operating subsidies for charging infrastructure that is connected to the provincial charging infrastructure information platform and operated externally.
Charging infrastructure construction subsidies are 200 yuan per kilowatt before 2020 (including 2020) and 100 yuan per kilowatt from 2021 to 2025. The upper limit of the subsidy is no more than 15% of the equipment investment before 2020 and 15% of the equipment investment from 2021 to 2025. The annual equipment investment shall not exceed 10%.
During the operation stage, operating subsidies will be provided based on the charging capacity. The subsidy standard will be 0.2 yuan per kilowatt hour before 2020, and the subsidy standard will be 0.1 yuan per kilowatt hour from 2021 to 2025.
In terms of land policy, Hainan has incorporated land for charging infrastructure construction into provincial, city and county land spatial planning, clarified land requirements for charging infrastructure construction, and included it in the local land supply plan as a priority. The land for centralized charging and swapping stations with independent occupancy will be included in the scope of land for public facilities business outlets. According to the land supply model for gas filling stations and the availability of state-owned construction land, priority will be given to land supply. If the land used for new charging infrastructure projects involves new construction land and is in line with provincial, city or county overall plans, it will be given priority in the annual land use plan indicators.
“Income from production and operation activities of public infrastructure projects supported by the state and qualified environmental protection, energy and water conservation projects will be exempted from corporate income tax for the first three years starting from the tax year in which the first production and operation income of the project belongs. , and the corporate income tax will be halved for the next three years." On January 24, at the Tax Service Hall of the Taxation Bureau of Meilan District, Haikou City, the State Administration of Taxation, tax cadre Ye Wei was making detailed reports to State Power Investment (Hainan) Smart Charging Service Co., Ltd. Tang Huiting, a tax officer, introduced the preferential policy of “three exemptions and three half reductions” issued by the state to encourage clean energy and support key infrastructure projects.
"We are an enterprise engaged in the layout of charging stations and the construction of photovoltaic power generation. The tax preferential policy of 'three exemptions and three half reductions' has eased the pressure on enterprise construction funds. The policy support has strengthened our confidence in taking the road of green development." Tang Huiting Said that the company has now put into operation 7 new energy vehicle charging stations in Hainan, and will continue to increase the investment and construction of blank outlets.
"I really didn't expect that the efficiency of 'finding people by policy' is so high. As soon as the company landed in Hainan, it received preferential tax policies from the tax department that were in line with the company's operating conditions." Financial person in charge of Haikou Ziyu New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Chen Wenbin said happily that the company has enjoyed a one-time deduction of 689,000 yuan from corporate income tax for R&D equipment and a reduction of 172,300 yuan from corporate income tax, which has provided strong support for enterprises to increase investment in research and development and form a virtuous cycle of development.
Accurate placement and moderate advance
With the accelerated popularity of new energy vehicles in Hainan, it is urgent to build a high-quality charging infrastructure system to meet the people's car charging needs. Hainan has made great efforts to build new energy vehicle charging infrastructure in recent years, allowing new energy vehicle owners to conveniently charge at their "doorsteps". The elimination of worries is conducive to the further release of the consumption potential of new energy vehicles.
National highways, provincial highways, and tourist roads around the island are all intertwined into a road network, and people are more willing to drive. Hainan currently implements a "motor vehicle traffic surcharge" based on the original price of gasoline. As a result, compared with the fuel cost of fuel vehicles and the charging fees of new energy vehicles, the superiority of new energy vehicles is obvious.
On the afternoon of January 20, at Haikou Meilan International Airport, Chen Zhonghua, who had just gotten off the plane, told reporters that this was the second time his family had been to Hainan to celebrate the New Year. “You can rent a new energy vehicle to travel around the island after getting off the plane. Charging is convenient and economical, and your travel life feels very relaxed.”
Shuiman Township, Wuzhishan City, is located in the tropical rainforest in central Hainan Province. Its beautiful natural landscape attracts tourists from all directions. There is a public charging station next to the Shuiman Bus Station compound, allowing new energy vehicle owners who come to the mountains to "stop and charge whenever they want."
As of the end of November 2023, Hainan has built more than 3,400 charging stations and 63 battery swap stations; a total of 116,800 charging piles have been built, including 40,100 public piles. At present, the overall vehicle-to-pile ratio of Hainan's new energy vehicles is about 2.5:1, which provides guarantee for the energy replenishment needs of new energy vehicles and meets the conditions for electric vehicles to travel across the island.
In recent years, the Hainan Provincial Development and Reform Commission, in accordance with the principle of "car piles first, moderately advanced", has worked with the Hainan Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Hainan Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, Hainan Power Grid Company, etc. to strengthen overall planning and coordination with city and county governments to promote the construction of charging stations. Infrastructure and building a "one network" for charging and swapping electricity in Hainan Province.
Open the "Hainan Province Charging and Swapping Network" web page, and you can see the latest news, information announcements and other information at a glance. As of January 25, 2024, the "One Network" platform has been connected to more than 194 charging infrastructure operating companies, 419 charging stations, 4560 charging piles, 6787 charging guns, 1640 AC guns, and 5142 DC guns. indivual.
Looking at cities and counties, Haikou, Sanya, Danzhou, Chengmai and Qionghai ranked among the top five in Hainan Province in terms of the number of charging guns. Hainan has achieved 100% charging pile coverage in all highway service areas (45) and all administrative towns (196), and has achieved 100% charging pile coverage in scenic spots, hotels, cultural and sports venues, communities, institutions, hospitals, schools and other fields. Significant progress.
Liang Yuteng, deputy director of the Hainan Provincial Development and Reform Commission, said that according to relevant document requirements, Hainan Province will strive to build a high-quality charging infrastructure system with extensive coverage, moderate scale, reasonable structure, and complete functions by 2030 to optimize the application environment of new energy vehicles; In accordance with the principle of "mainly focusing on DC fast charging, and synergistic and complementary charging and swapping", based on the promotion of new energy vehicles and the charging needs of different scenarios, precise distribution of points and moderate advance will further optimize the distribution point layout and improve the use efficiency of public charging piles.
"The overall goal is to keep the overall ratio of new energy vehicles to charging piles below 2.5:1, and the ratio to public charging piles below 7:1." Liang Yuteng said that Hainan will actively carry out relevant work to ensure that there are installation needs and relative New energy vehicle owners with fixed parking spaces can install charging piles; at the same time, strictly implement the requirements for the construction of charging piles in new residential communities, prioritize the construction of charging infrastructure into the scope of renovation of infrastructure facilities in old communities, and simultaneously carry out the construction of supporting power supply and distribution facilities. Explore the business model of intelligent and orderly charging in the community under the "unified construction and unified operation" model, and promote the construction of the "charging piles into the community" demonstration project.
In recent years, Hainan Power Grid has also accelerated the construction of charging infrastructure. It has invested a total of 413 million yuan in the construction of various charging infrastructure such as charging piles, charging and swapping stations and supporting Taiwan areas in Hainan. The relevant person in charge of the Industrial Development Department of Hainan Power Grid Company said, “The various charging infrastructure we have invested in and constructed have achieved full coverage of towns and villages across the island. No matter where they drive in Hainan, new energy vehicle owners can park and charge nearby, achieving smooth travel throughout the country. The island has no worries about electricity consumption.”
Optimization and improvement have a long way to go
In the process of improving the construction of charging infrastructure, Hainan is also constantly optimizing supporting services and solving development problems. Charging speed is a topic of concern to new energy vehicle owners. How to improve charging speed? The completion and commissioning of the fully liquid-cooled supercharging station provides an answer.
"A cup of coffee, fully charged for travel." On January 18, the fully liquid-cooled supercharging station in Haikou Guoxing Avenue Cultural and Sports Park was officially put into use. The supercharging station adopts advanced "full liquid cooling technology" and has the fastest charging speed. It can achieve extremely fast energy replenishment close to "1 kilometer per second". After the charging station is put into operation, it can provide charging services for 30 new energy electric vehicles at the same time, and can charge more than 400 vehicles per day. It will effectively alleviate the charging pressure of green travel in the main urban area of Haikou Guoxing, and significantly shorten the charging queue of car owners. duration.
At the Global Trade Window Charging Station on Guoxing Avenue in Haikou, a large number of taxis, online ride-hailing services, and private cars drive in to charge every day. Especially at night, taxis and online ride-hailing vehicles that have been running all day will use their rest time to come and recharge. Hainan Holding’s Global Trade Window Charging Station has 12 160KW DC fast charging parking spaces, including 1 wired and wireless integrated smart charging parking space. Since the charging station was completed and put into use in 2020, it has greatly facilitated surrounding citizens and park offices. People travel green.
"Now it takes about an hour to fully charge. The cheapest charging fee is from 12:00 midnight to 8:00 the next morning. The price of electricity per kilowatt hour is between 0.5 yuan and 0.7 yuan. The price is different at different charging stations. In short, new energy Trams are much more economical than gasoline trucks." Taxi driver Wu Lei told reporters at the charging station of Guoxing Avenue Cultural and Sports Park.
"The electric car may need to replace the battery after running for five or six years, and the battery itself is expensive, so the resale price of the electric car is worrying, but a petrol car in the same condition can still be sold for tens of thousands of yuan." In addition to the advantages in charging costs, Wu Lei also frankly expressed some concerns, "Now oil trucks are maintaining roads, and trams are not used. I hope Hainan's road maintenance fee concession policy can benefit new energy trams in the long term."
While Hainan's new energy "vehicles" and "stakes" are showing simultaneous explosive growth, there are still many problems that need to be faced and gradually solved. For example, every holiday, there are more tourists driving in Hainan. Many people have to queue up to wait for charging piles to charge after driving new energy vehicles to the parking lot; tourists who drive to rural areas for camping or picnics sometimes encounter situations where it is difficult to find charging facilities for new energy vehicles...
At the just-held Two Sessions of Hainan Province, many representatives paid attention to the construction of new energy vehicles and their charging infrastructure in Hainan and put forward opinions and suggestions.
Chen Quan, a representative of the Hainan Provincial People’s Congress and principal of Xinxing Central Primary School in Xinxing Town, Tunchang County, learned through a survey that new energy vehicle charging stations and public charging pile projects are relatively popular in Hainan. However, at present, the vast majority of primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Hainan have not yet installed relevant equipment. The introduction of public charging piles into the campus can better protect the green travel of faculty and staff. Therefore, it is recommended to install public charging piles for new energy vehicles in primary, secondary and kindergarten schools that do not have charging piles based on the size of the school and specific needs.
Sheng Yongzhong, a member of the Hainan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and former political commissar of the Hainan Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps, pointed out that with the rapid promotion of new energy vehicles in Hainan, the number of private charging piles installed in residential areas is also increasing, and the conflicts caused by this are also gradually increasing. The main focus is on power capacity expansion, owners’ concerns about fire safety, property management, and varying charging costs.
Sheng Yongzhong suggested that we increase the construction of public charging piles, provide subsidies for the expansion of power volume ratio and construction funds for old communities, and include the construction of charging infrastructure into the scope of renovation of old communities. User-installed charging facilities in underground garages should be strictly controlled and large-scale operations should be encouraged. Strengthen the management and maintenance of charging piles in residential areas, promptly discover charging loopholes or damaged charging equipment and repair them in a timely manner to reduce safety risks.
The proposal of the Hainan Provincial Committee of the Peasants’ and Workers’ Party proposes that, in conjunction with the rural revitalization strategy, the village collective’s idle land resource advantages, corporate capital advantages and power supply department’s power advantages can be jointly invested to implement joint operation and maintenance and common benefits, and increase the number of villages. While providing collective benefits, it also solves the charging needs of villagers and self-driving tourists, and will be piloted in areas with better rural tourism development.
This year's Hainan Provincial Government Work Report stated that in 2024 Hainan Province will launch the construction of a new energy vehicle rental system and cultivate clean energy vehicle and other industrial chains. (Economic Daily)