[Explanation] Qinghai Lake is the largest inland saltwater lake in China and an important water body to maintain the ecological security of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
In 2022, Qinghai Lake National Park will enter the establishment stage, which is also the third national park being established in Qinghai Province.
[Explanation] In order to help the successful creation of Qinghai Lake National Park, the Qinghai Lake Scenic Area Conservation and Utilization Administration held a one-week training course for herdsmen, caretakers and tourism operators around the lake to gain an in-depth understanding of the ecological environment of Qinghai Lake With biodiversity, scientific understanding and protection of "highland sapphire".
[Concurrent] Feng Wangkai, a staff member of the Tourism Management Office of Qinghai Lake Scenic Area Protection and Utilization Administration
Our training class is mainly to let our herdsmen and our caretakers learn more about these basic knowledge, so that they can better understand the importance of their environment and the importance of protection In order to let them know that only high-level protection can lead to high-quality development. Only in this way can we gather protection forces together and finally form a joint force for the creation of our national parks.
[Explanation] Qinghai Lake naked carp is the only large-scale wild economic fish in Qinghai Lake. It is an important source of food for migratory birds and local birds. It plays a unique and central role in the "fish-bird symbiosis" ecosystem of Qinghai Lake. It plays an irreplaceable and important role in ensuring the safety of the ecological environment in the Qinghai Lake area. The history and protection of naked carp is also one of the focuses of this course.
[Live sound] Chen Xiaocheng, Senior Engineer, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Why should we protect biodiversity?
Humans, animals, and plants too. The richer and more diverse the species, the more superior their ecology and environment, and the better the environment for their prosperity.
[Concurrent] Chen Xiaocheng, Senior Engineer, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Now (they) see the naked carp in Qinghai Lake without scales, but through our training, he learned that the fish in our Qinghai Lake used to have scales.
He can effectively prove and see the existence of the research value of our specimens. Through this training, he can understand the significance of the preservation and existence of specimens.
[Explanation] In the 1960s and 1970s, the number of naked carps in Qinghai Lake dropped sharply due to human hunting, shrinking river channels, and degradation of breeding waters. Therefore, since the end of the 20th century, Qinghai Lake has adopted a total of 6 fishing bans for more than 30 years. plan.
Due to the low temperature and lack of oxygen in Qinghai Lake and the lack of plankton, the growth rate of naked carp in Qinghai Lake is extremely slow. Once it is exhausted, it is extremely difficult to restore resources.
At this stage, under human intervention, the reserves of naked carp resources in Qinghai Lake have recovered from less than 2,600 tons in 2002 to 114,100 tons in 2022, which is 44 times that of the initial protection period.
[Concurrent] Yu Luxian, Senior Engineer of Qinghai Lake Naked Carp Rescue Center
The natural conditions in the river are relatively harsh, so the fertilization rate of it (naked carp) in the natural environment is relatively low. After our investigation, it is generally found that its fertilization rate is only about 30%-40%. The method is to collect broodstock in natural rivers, artificially collect eggs and fertilize them, and then increase its fertilization rate to more than 80%, and then artificially hatch and cultivate, and then increase its hatching rate and fry survival rate. , have been greatly improved, and can be maintained at more than 80%.
In this case, it will accelerate the recovery of its resources.
[Explanation] Like other wild animals, long-term artificial feeding will affect the release and survival of naked carp, so the fish will be released before they become dependent on the feeding environment.
[Concurrent] Yu Luxian, Senior Engineer of Qinghai Lake Naked Carp Rescue Center
Experts have proved that after a year of breeding, it will not have a certain dependence on artificial conditions, and then it can adapt to the natural environment more quickly, so its survival rate can also be guaranteed to a certain extent.
Our factory-like circulating water workshop also breeds some broodstock of different age groups, which also provides some materials for our future research on the germplasm resources of naked carp.
[Concurrent] Qinghai Lake Coordinator Jian Mucuo
I am an ecological administrator of Qinghai Lake. I was very moved when I saw the naked carp protection, ecological protection, and naked carp specimens in the past two days. We didn’t know how to protect these (creatures) before. During the training, I really learned a lot of knowledge. When we return to Qinghai Lake in the future, we must protect these, the naked carp in Qinghai Lake, and the ecological environment.
Reporter Qi Miao Li Jiangning reports from Qinghai Xining
Responsible editor: [Luo Pan]