[Explanation] Sanjiangyuan National Park is located in the southwest of Qinghai Province, the third pole in the world. It is the largest national park in China and the highest in the world.
[Explanation] On the afternoon of October 12, the Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration held a press conference on the "Sanjiangyuan National Park System Pilot Bulletin and Qinghai This Decade", which is also the first anniversary of the official establishment of Sanjiangyuan National Park.
[Concurrent] Sun Lijun, Member of the Party Committee and Deputy Director of Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration
We all know that the Yellowstone National Park in the United States celebrated its 150th anniversary in 1872, so the national park is an exploration of a brand-new system for us and for China.
[Explanation] In the 10 years from the nature reserve to the national park system pilot, the Sanjiangyuan area has received a cumulative capital investment of more than 30 billion yuan (RMB, the same below) for ecological protection.
By the end of 2020, the comprehensive vegetation coverage of grasslands in Sanjiangyuan National Park will increase, the vegetation coverage of wetlands will remain stable, the area of severely and moderately desertified land will decrease, and the population of wild animals will increase significantly.
[Live sound] Sun Lijun, Member of the Party Committee and Deputy Director of Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration
Since the pilot project of the system, we have invested 6.2 billion yuan on the basis of the 24.4 billion yuan invested in the first and second phases, and implemented a number of infrastructure construction projects such as patrol roads and environmental education, as well as black soil shoal treatment, desertification control, and degradation of land. Ecological protection and restoration projects such as grassland improvement, wetland protection, and pest control.
By the end of 2020, the comprehensive grassland vegetation coverage of Sanjiangyuan National Park increased by 4.6 percentage points compared with 2015, the wetland vegetation coverage was stable at about 66%, and the severely and moderately desertified land areas decreased by 0.91% and 4.72%, respectively.
The Tibetan antelope has recovered from less than 20,000 in the initial stage of protection to more than 70,000, and has been reduced from an endangered species to a near-threatened species. The rare snow leopard, leopard, and Eurasian otter frequently appear. White-lipped deer, wild yak, Tibetan wild ass, and falcon , black-necked cranes, bar-headed geese, hozen rabbits, Tibetan foxes and other elves compete to appear in the grasslands.
[Explanation] In addition to the investment of funds, the reform of the management system, the formulation of system regulations, and the implementation of measures such as "one household, one post" ecological guards have further promoted the ecological protection work in the past ten years.
In particular, the ecological management and protection of "one household and one post" promotes the transformation of herdsmen from grassland users to ecological guardians and beneficiaries.
[Concurrent] Sun Lijun, Member of the Party Committee and Deputy Director of Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration
Our land is so large, how can we gather the local people to engage in this ecological management, become a part of us, and become the owners of the national park?
We have implemented the "one household, one post" management policy, that is to say, for each herdsman family, we arrange (among them) one (as) ecological guardian, 1800 per month, 21600 per year, and he will be responsible Our patrols, monitoring, etc.
This effectively mobilized the enthusiasm of the herdsmen who lived on the grasslands for generations to protect the ecology and protect the national parks, and promoted the herdsmen who lived on the grasslands for generations to change from grassland users to ecological guardians and beneficiaries.
[Explanation] Sun Lijun also said that by 2035, Sanjiangyuan National Park will strive to become a model of large-scale ecological protection and restoration on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but due to the large area and sparse population in some areas, it is necessary to use the power of science and technology to improve ecological protection work. do better.
[Concurrent] Sun Lijun, Member of the Party Committee and Deputy Director of Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration
In particular, the (area) of the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve is 45,000 square kilometers. After we become a world natural heritage site, the (area) is 60,300 square kilometers. Because it is a no-man’s land, it is impossible to spread people into it.
So how can we manage this well? We thought that we might need to use the power of technology, drones and satellite remote sensing, but drones, because it (Kekexili) is particularly windy, including helicopters, high-altitude areas (equipment) performance It's all going down, and I think it's a challenge for us as well.
If we build a road and go in, people will follow. If we don't build a road and we patrol around, we will not be able to get out for at least ten days, or even half a month or a month, and getting caught in a car is a common occurrence, so One is the improvement of equipment, and the other is the improvement of the level of science and technology. This is very important.
Reporter Qi Miao reported from Xining, Qinghai
Responsible editor: [Luo Pan]