According to data from the China Association of Small and Medium Enterprises—

　　Aid policies still need to be precise

　　Our reporter Li Pengda

　　According to data released by the China Association of Small and Medium Enterprises recently, the development index of small and medium-sized enterprises in the first quarter of 2022 was 88.7, down 0.4 points from the previous month on a comparable basis, declining for four consecutive quarters and lower than the level in the same period in 2021.

Among them, the industry, construction, transportation, postal storage, real estate, wholesale and retail, social services, information transmission, computer software, and accommodation and catering industries all fell, with the largest declines being wholesale and retail and The social services index fell by 0.9 points and 0.8 points, respectively.

　　At present, my country's economic development is facing "triple pressures", and market entities, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, are facing increasing difficulties in production and operation.

It is urgent to accurately study and judge the situation, introduce policies that are conducive to stabilizing the economy and market expectations, enhance the confidence of small and medium-sized enterprises in the development, ensure that the economy operates within a reasonable range, and stabilize the macroeconomic market.

　　Business conditions are down

　　In March, the SME development index was 88.6, down 0.6 points from the previous month, showing a downward trend for two consecutive months.

"The continuous decline is due to the further deepening of the complexity and severity of the situation at home and abroad." Zhu Yu, vice president of the China Association of Small and Medium Enterprises, analyzed that on the one hand, the global new crown pneumonia epidemic continued, Russia and Ukraine broke out armed conflicts, commodities, energy and mineral resources are tight, and inflation is high. This caused major economies to shrink their balance sheets and raise interest rates, the world economic recovery slowed down, and the uncertainties in the external environment increased significantly, even exceeding expectations, which put pressure on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises; on the other hand, small and medium-sized enterprises were affected by the epidemic. , the difficulty of financing and the high cost of financing, the difficulty of collecting accounts receivable, and the high logistics cost are prominent, these factors have caused the prosperity of small and medium-sized enterprises to decline.

　　Specifically, in the first quarter of 2022, the macroeconomic sentiment index reflecting corporate confidence was 97.5, down 0.5 points from the previous quarter; the market index was 81.2, down 0.9 points from the previous quarter. Among the eight industries surveyed, the domestic order index And the sales volume index all fell.

"The domestic epidemic has many, wide-ranging and frequent occurrences, which has increased the production and operation difficulties of real enterprises. In addition, some policies are not coordinated enough, not implemented in place, and there are situations such as 'one size fits all' and 'movement', etc., and the development confidence of small and medium-sized enterprises has been greatly affected. ." Han Lin, deputy general manager of Beijing CCID Industrial Brain Technology Co., Ltd., believes that some enterprises have slowed down or even stopped production, resulting in poor supply chains in the industrial chain, slowing down the recovery momentum of consumption and investment, and the capital market is more sensitive.

　　In addition, in the 8 industries surveyed, the financing index of 6 industries and the liquidity index of 5 industries declined, some innovative enterprises were not willing to lend, and traditional enterprises were difficult to obtain loans, and the overall financing quality showed a downward trend.

　　The lack of financing made it difficult for Yang Xicai, general manager of Shengxiang (Beijing) Housekeeping Service Co., Ltd., to tell reporters that the biggest difficulty facing business operations at present is funding.

"Housekeeping is an asset-light industry, and there are not many fixed assets that can be mortgaged or guaranteed, so it is difficult to obtain sufficient loans from banks." Due to limited liquidity, Yang Xicai postponed the pace of business expansion, and only one store in Beijing remains.

"This year, I planned to make great efforts in home-based elderly care services, and I also applied for patents in related fields. However, due to the impact of the epidemic and funds, it is difficult to continue to invest in hiring professional teams, designing products, and laying out stores."

　　"At present, the country has introduced many policies to solve the financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises. We are really happy to hear these assistance measures, but there are often some deviations in the actual implementation process." Yang Xicai told reporters that he hoped that the existing policies will be implemented in the process. It is more targeted, and the intermediate links are appropriately reduced, so that the funds flow to enterprises that are really in need and have the ability to repay.

　　SMEs play a fundamental role in macroeconomic stability.

Zhu Yu suggested that we should continue to increase support for key groups such as small and micro enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, and technological innovation enterprises, and smooth the direct mechanism of fiscal and financial policies; implement tax and fee reductions, reduce the burden on enterprises, and broaden the coverage of tax policies, such as , expand the policy of increasing the deduction ratio of R&D expenses for manufacturing and technology-based SMEs to 100% to the service industry, and expand the value-added tax refund policy from six industries including manufacturing to the whole industry; continue to build market-oriented, The rule of law and an international business environment, maintaining the continuity, stability and sustainability of macro policies, ensuring fair competition, boosting market confidence, and reversing the continuous decline in the development index.

　　Efficiency needs to be improved

　　Recently, the prices of crude oil and important raw materials in the international market have generally risen. The National Bureau of Statistics has monitored the market prices of 50 important means of production in 9 categories in the national circulation field. Compared with mid-March, the prices of 38 products rose in late March, and 11 One is down, one is flat.

According to the survey, 84% of enterprises reported an increase in production costs in the first quarter; 86% of enterprises reported a year-on-year increase in the purchase price of major raw materials and energy.

　　"Small and medium-sized enterprises are facing the double squeeze of rising upstream prices and insufficient terminal demand. The high logistics cost will make the pressure on operating costs continue for a period of time in the future." Zhu Yu said.

　　In this regard, Zhu Yu suggested that the monitoring and early warning of commodity prices should be strengthened, the supply of energy and raw materials should be stabilized, the smooth logistics and the stability of the industrial chain and supply chain should be guaranteed, and the production and operation costs of enterprises should be reduced.

"This year, it is proposed to fully implement the value-added tax refund for small and micro enterprises. The existing part will be refunded at one time, and the incremental part will be refunded in full from the original proportional refund. If these policies are put in place, it will further reduce the burden on enterprises."

　　Most of the small and medium-sized enterprises are in the downstream of the industrial chain, the ability to increase the transmission cost is weak, and the efficiency of enterprises has dropped significantly.

The efficiency index in the first quarter was 73.9, down 0.5 points from the previous quarter and at a historically low level.

Hanlin told reporters that although small and medium-sized enterprises are currently in a more difficult situation, there are many specialized and new "little giant" enterprises that are rising against the trend, "especially the innovative vitality of enterprises related to strategic emerging industries continues to rise, which means that Their anti-risk ability and development momentum are also continuously enhanced. Moving towards 'specialization, specialization and innovation' is the only way to improve the ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to resist risks. It is necessary to build a synergistic relationship between the industrial chain in the region and promote the integration and innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises and leading enterprises. Promoting Supply Chain Cooperation”.

　　"We will focus on empowering enterprises in different dimensions such as financial services, manpower improvement, transformation of scientific and technological achievements, strategy and management, brand building, capital market, etc., support small and medium-sized enterprises to focus on their main business, strengthen innovation, and become a 'single player with unique skills' Champion' or 'supporting expert', accelerate the growth into a 'specialized, special and new' enterprise." Zhu Yu said.

　　Labor supply rises

　　It is worth mentioning that the labor index in the first quarter was 105.6, the same as the previous quarter, and it was the only index that did not decline.

"Due to the continuous efforts of the policy of reducing burdens, stabilizing jobs and expanding employment, the job market is generally stable, and employees have returned to work after the Spring Festival. The labor supply index in the first quarter was 112.8, an increase of 0.2 points, which was higher than the threshold for the prosperity." Zhu Yu said.

　　However, it is undeniable that the current structural contradiction of employment in my country is still prominent, mainly manifested in the shortage of general workers and skilled workers in the manufacturing industry.

Small and medium-sized enterprises are facing the test of aging front-line workers and lack of connection.

The "2021 Blue-collar Employment and Salary Management Research Report" released by China International Technology and Intelligence Cooperation Group shows that nearly 70% of Chinese companies are facing labor shortages, and 55% of companies are facing blue-collar labor shortages.

　　Wang Ran, general manager of Beijing Sanyuan Hefeng Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., who has been engaged in the feed industry for many years, felt deeply about this: "As a labor-intensive industry, feed production requires high physical strength for employees, and many post-90s and post-00s 'More willing to engage in flexible occupations such as express delivery and takeaway, and few are willing to go to the workshop. At present, our workers are older and have low production efficiency. There is insufficient funds to automate the transformation of the production line, and 'expensive labor' restricts the long-term development of the enterprise ."

　　In Zhu Yu's view, digital transformation is an effective way to solve the labor difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises.

"The questionnaire on artificial intelligence shows that after using artificial intelligence, 70.9% of enterprises said that the number of front-line production or operation positions has decreased. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure, build a public digital service platform, and promote the implementation of relevant industry promotion policies. Explore Open digital transformation resources through the sharing economy model and reduce the cost of digital transformation for SMEs."

　　Shan Gong, an analyst at BOSS direct employment, believes that one of the reasons for the shortage of blue-collar workers is that there are many employment violations in the blue-collar recruitment industry, and the rights and interests of job seekers are not guaranteed.

He suggested that the laws and regulations on blue-collar employment should be improved, the crackdown on violations of laws and regulations should be stepped up, and the legitimate rights and interests of blue-collar job seekers should be protected.