Securities Times reporter Liu Xiaoyou
Recently, a "Pengci Bank" case that was sentenced by the court has attracted attention. In the field of combating credit card anti-collection black production, the case undoubtedly has shocking and warning significance.
The context of the case is not complicated.
Because more than 20 credit card bills were overdue, a China Merchants Bank credit card holder asked a person who claimed to be engaged in "credit repair" on social networks for help.
The so-called "credit repair" method of this person and his gang is to forge the official seal and certification documents of the Public Security Bureau.
These forged documents were later discovered by the China Merchants Bank Credit Card Center and reported to the police. Jinan Lixia police finally caught the forgery gang.
The Securities Times reporter learned that the Lixia District Court of Jinan City, Shandong Province pronounced the above-mentioned case before the Spring Festival - the illegal gang members were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment and fines for the crime of forging and selling official documents of state organs and forging the seals of public institutions. .
Against the background of the prominent proportion of domestic residents' short-term consumption debts, helping people to escape debts has become a deformed but popular business in sinking cities and counties, and has spawned many black industrial chains in subdivided fields, "anti-collection" , "agent surrender and interest refund", "agent complaint", "credit repair", "debt optimization" and so on.
Using the means of disrupting the normal financial order, profit-seekers, under the guise of "optimizing debts", while harvesting debtors and creditors at both ends, also push more debtors into a deeper debt quagmire.
no money to pay debts
Hire an intermediary if you have money
The advertisements of "Credit Information Repair" are pervasive, and they reach potential customers with "intended intentions" through recommendations on short video applications and social platforms.
Zhang Mou from Jinan is one of the "concerned" customers. His China Merchants Bank credit card was overdue several times, resulting in a bad credit record.
In order to eliminate the bad records, Zhang entrusted an intermediary to handle the credit investigation on his behalf. As a result, China Merchants Bank repeatedly received a reserved mobile phone number that was not Zhang himself, and requested to maintain the credit investigation and complain to the supervisor for various reasons.
Backtracking the case: Through the contact information shown in the advertisement, Zhang quickly got on the line with the "credit investigation repair" intermediary, and paid the other party a commission of 16,800 yuan as required.
As an intermediary for taking orders, Zheng instructed his subordinates to place the order to Hu, who was in Hunan. Hu quickly forged documents including the Jinan Public Security Bureau's notice of filing a case, a notice of opinion, and a receipt for accepting the case. official document.
Later, accompanied by the intermediary, Zhang came to the credit card department of China Merchants Bank in Jinan City to submit a forged official document, but the employees of China Merchants Bank quickly noticed the difference and called the police.
After the police received the call, three forged official documents of the public security organs were seized at the scene.
Following the line of Zhang Mou, the public security organ quickly found Hu Mou.
During the search of Hu's residence, he also seized his forged "Shandong University Qilu Hospital Diagnosis Seal", "Qingdao Municipal Hospital Inpatient Department", "Jilin University First Hospital Medical Certificate Special Seal" and other institutions. There are 38 stamps in total.
What awaits Hu, Zheng and their subordinates is legal sanctions.
Hu was sentenced to one year and three months in prison and a fine of 8,000 yuan for the crime of forging and buying and selling official documents of state organs; Sentenced to two years and two months in prison.
Zheng was sentenced to one year and three months in prison and a fine of 8,000 yuan for the crime of buying and selling official documents of state organs.
Zheng's subordinates committed the crime of buying and selling official documents of state organs and were sentenced to one year in prison, suspended for one year, and fined 6,000 yuan.
This case, while connecting the order-taking intermediary and the production of fake stamps, also revealed a corner of the rampant "credit investigation and repair" black production.
"Malicious Debt Evasion"
Derivation of a variety of business experience
In the past, helping people to collect debts was a business, but now helping people escape debts is also a business.
At a time when the short-term debt of Chinese residents is rising, both businesses seem to have fertile growth soil.
Looking at the balance sheets of my country's depository financial institutions, it can be found that the proportion of personal short-term consumption loans in the debt of the household sector is increasing.
The balance of short-term consumer loans exceeded 9.34 trillion yuan at the end of last year, accounting for 54% of the total short-term debt of the household sector of 17.3 trillion yuan.
The business of helping people escape debt has obviously been frantically testing on the edge of the law.
The amazing thing is that on short video platforms, social groups, etc., it runs so unscrupulously.
When people are still stuck in the early impression of "anti-collection" black and gray production rampant, "stop interest and stop reminder", "suspend interest and stop interest", "cooperative debt relief", "debt optimization", "agent rights protection", "agent complaints", etc. Various dazzling business models of debt evasion have already sprung up, and the practices of various financial institutions have also formed a set of operating guidelines and methodologies.
Even, maliciously evading debts and black ash production is rampant to use illegal means to help the debtor to relieve the debts that should be repaid, and they can celebrate the good news in a grand manner.
Who is turning "helping others to escape debt" into a business?
Securities Times reporters found through investigation and interviews that these people usually wear "vests" that are called financial consultants, consulting companies, etc. without qualifications to practice, and form a full-time gang of "agent rights protection".
They provide debtors with tailored proofs of lack of repayment ability, such as poverty certificates, medical records, etc., and provide a unified complaint template and use a unified complaint language to encourage or represent debtors to file complaints with financial institutions or regulatory authorities.
Debt evasion and black ash production are set by high agency fees, which are charged layer by layer from preparation of materials to agency complaints.
A very important reason for the rampant debt evasion black and gray production is that financial institutions are subject to high costs to deal with these premeditated, organized, and high-frequency malicious complaints.
The handling of complaints by financial institutions involves processes such as data entry, submission, and verification (such as checking the recording of collection calls), and needs to identify the perjury provided by various black companies, as well as which repeated complaints may contain malicious complaints or agency complaints. The task is arduous and involves many positions. .
At the same time, the manpower and time costs for financial institutions to deal with malicious complaints are very high, and counter-claim procedures will be initiated in extremely bad situations.
"According to statistical analysis, about 30% of the complaints in a certain area are suspected of being a full-time agency complaint intermediary." A credit card practitioner told the Securities Times reporter.
At present, the importance of financial consumer protection has become increasingly prominent. The consumer protection divisions of the local banking and insurance regulatory bureaus will specifically supervise financial institutions to handle related complaints. More and more institutions have also formulated special consumer protection assessment methods from the source of assessment.
It is particularly urgent for financial institutions to carry out joint prevention and control based on big data risk control, and establish a blacklist sharing mechanism.
The above-mentioned credit card practitioners told the Securities Times reporter that their bank has now started to use the professional capabilities of the banking industry and financial technology to establish a defense line, including data and behavior analysis, risk situation research, and the formation of special disposal expert teams. Deploy and implement.
At the same time, in response to the identified routines such as debt evasion methods, agent rights protection, malicious complaints, etc., the bank has formed detailed reports and regularly feedback supervision.
Supervision in multiple places
Curb "proxy rights protection"
When the game between institutions and black and gray products escalates, and the normal financial order cannot be disturbed, "agent rights protection", an important link in the chain of debt evasion and black and gray products, is currently being curbed by regulation.
Recently, Beijing, Hunan, Liaoning, Guangdong and other local financial regulatory authorities have jointly issued notices to prevent the risk of agency complaints in the financial sector in conjunction with judicial authorities.
At the end of last month, the Shanxi Supervision Bureau, the Provincial Public Security Department, the Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, and the Provincial Local Financial Supervision Bureau jointly issued the "Notice on Preventing Agency Rights Protection Risks in the Financial Field and Optimizing the Business Environment".
Multi-department cooperation has been carried out to incorporate "agent rights protection" into the focus of normalized anti-criminal and anti-evil rectification, and to purify the regional business environment.
The Beijing Bureau of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission reminds consumers that agent rights protection faces "four major risks" such as insecure financial rights and interests, hidden dangers of information leakage, increased economic burden, and increased credit taint.
At the same time, it is suggested that consumers can complain directly to financial institutions to claim civil rights; or apply for mediation to institutions such as the Banking Consumer Rights Protection Promotion Center for legitimate rights protection.
After the regulatory authorities in many places took measures to prevent "agent rights protection", an intuitive data is that the number of complaints involving the credit card business in the third quarter of last year decreased to varying degrees compared with the same period last year.
According to the banking industry consumer complaints released by the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, in the third quarter of 2021, there were 44,374 credit card business complaints in banking consumer complaints, a year-on-year decrease of 8.3%, accounting for 50.8% of the total number of complaints.
In the previous second quarter, there were 46,273 complaints involving credit card business, a year-on-year increase of 37.2%, accounting for 54.8% of the total number of complaints.
In other words, in terms of the number of complaints, the number of complaints involving credit card business in the third quarter decreased by 1,899 compared with the second quarter; the proportion of complaints dropped by a full 4 percentage points; the number of complaints changed from a substantial increase to a decrease from the previous year.
In such a game composed of supervision, financial institutions, and "agent rights protection" black production, good signs are taking place - the legitimate rights and interests of institutions and consumers are being maintained, the regional business environment is being repaired, disrupting normal financial The behavior of business order is being corrected.