Create a safe and efficient logistics network with internal and external connections
Logistics network is an important part of modern circulation system.
Unblocking the economic cycle, expanding high-level opening up, and ensuring the stability of the industrial chain and supply chain are inseparable from a strong logistics network.
The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year once again emphasized "speeding up the formation of a safe and efficient logistics network with internal and external connectivity".
What new progress has been made in my country's logistics network construction in recent years, and what key tasks are still facing?
The reporter interviewed relevant departments, enterprises and experts.
The transportation framework is more perfect, and the transportation service is steadily improved
Overall strong logistics support
The construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and its supporting highways, as well as the Jiang-Huai-Huai Shipping Project is in an orderly manner. The Beijing-Kazakhstan high-speed railway and the Beijing-Xinjiang Expressway have been put into operation. Chengdu Tianfu International Airport and Qingdao Jiaodong International Airport have been put into operation, and the China-Laos Railway has been completed and opened to traffic. Facility construction is progressing steadily.
To build a logistics network, facility construction is the foundation, and transportation organization is the key.
At the same time as the improvement of the transportation network, the level of comprehensive transportation services has also continued to improve.
—— Overcome difficulties and ensure stable and smooth international logistics.
International shipping undertakes about 95% of my country's foreign trade cargo transportation.
In the process of preventing and controlling the new crown pneumonia epidemic, COSCO SHIPPING, the world's largest shipping company with the largest comprehensive shipping capacity, with the support of relevant departments, has made great efforts to overcome difficulties such as congestion in some overseas ports and "hard to find a single container" and maintain stable operation.
In 2021, COSCO SHIPPING will carry 1.36 billion tons of cargo globally, with a freight turnover of 3.87 trillion ton-nautical miles, an increase of 1.2% and 4.2% year-on-year respectively.
In addition, in 2021, China-Europe freight trains will operate 15,000 trains throughout the year, a year-on-year increase of 22%, and send 1.46 million TEUs, a year-on-year increase of 29%, which also plays a positive role in ensuring smooth flow.
Overall, an open, shared, global, safe, reliable, and powerful international logistics supply chain system is being established at an accelerated pace.
At present, my country's international waterway transportation routes cover more than 100 countries, with the highest degree of global maritime connectivity, international air cargo is available to 80 countries around the world, China-Europe freight trains connect more than 170 cities in 23 European countries, and the scope of international road transportation cooperation has expanded to 19. nation.
—— Improve efficiency and promote the smooth circulation of the national economy.
"During the 'Double 11' last year, thanks to the most advanced e-commerce logistics intelligent sorting line in China, 80% of JD.com's orders in Urumqi achieved same-day or next-day delivery, and the delivery time for packages in other areas of Xinjiang was shortened by more than 2 days. ” The relevant person in charge of JD Logistics said that JD.com has built a complete supply chain system on the basis of a strong logistics network, and currently achieves same-day or next-day delivery in 93% of districts and counties and 84% of towns across the country.
Adjust the transportation structure, develop multimodal transportation, improve the efficiency of urban distribution, and improve the rural logistics network... In recent years, my country has systematically promoted the quality and efficiency of logistics.
Last year, the multimodal transport demonstration project completed a container multimodal transport volume of 6.2 million TEUs and opened 450 intermodal transport lines; the "Four Good Rural Roads" were developed, and the villages were directly mailed, and the express delivery outlets in townships and villages were basically covered.
——Make up for the shortcomings, and achieve rapid development of air cargo.
In 2021, the cargo and mail transportation volume of the entire civil aviation industry will reach 7.32 million tons, an increase of 8.2 percentage points year-on-year, and return to 97.2% of the 2019 level.
In the process of preventing and controlling the new crown pneumonia epidemic, China Southern has vigorously developed aviation logistics. Relying on the largest Boeing 777 freighter fleet in China, it operates 19 international cargo routes. So far, it has organized about 13,000 passenger-to-cargo flights.
"The prevention and control of the epidemic has made the importance of air cargo more prominent. In the past, more than 95% of air cargo in my country was transported by the belly of passenger aircraft. In the past two years, the proportion of transport by cargo aircraft has been increasing." Director of the Institute of Air Transport Economics, Civil Aviation University of China Li Xiaojin observed that my country's aviation logistics capacity is steadily increasing, the airspace and time layout are more secure, and the connection with other modes of transportation is also smoother.
In 2021, my country's total social freight volume and port cargo throughput will increase by 12.4% and 6.8% respectively over the previous year, reflecting the positive results of logistics network construction.
According to Deng Yanjie, director of the Logistics Engineering Technology Research Center of the Water Transport Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport, in recent years, my country's comprehensive transportation network and supply chain system have been accelerated and improved, and they have been able to basically meet the needs of various logistics such as bulk materials, agricultural products, industrial products, and daily consumer goods. .
The level of connectivity, overall efficiency, and enterprise competitiveness need to be further improved
Continue to build network resilience
"At present, the epidemic situation in the century is intertwined with changes in the past century, and the external environment has become more complex and changeable. To ensure the security of the industrial chain and supply chain, the logistics network must also solve the problem of unbalanced and reasonable structural layout, low internal and external connectivity and overall efficiency, and lack of independent controllability. problems such as strength,” said Wang Wei, director of the Institute of Market Economy of the Development Research Center of the State Council.
In the opinion of many respondents, "internal and external connectivity, safety and efficiency" has put forward higher requirements for the logistics network. We need to take multiple measures to make up for shortcomings and improve the efficiency, level and resilience of the logistics network.
Smoother - Improve the level of connectivity in the transport network.
"In general, the domestic network is better than the international network, the urban network is better than the rural network, and the ordinary network is better than the special network." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Transport said that my country's railways and highways currently cover cities with a permanent population of more than 200,000 in urban areas. The rate is over 95%. Civil aviation transport airports have covered 92% of prefecture-level cities. However, there is still room for improvement in the comprehensive transportation network. For example, some strategic backbone channels need to be strengthened urgently, and the coverage of railway network in the western region still needs to be strengthened. Another example is some rural areas. , The depth of traffic access in border areas still needs to be improved.
Wang Wei believes that in order to connect the internal and external logistics network, we must start with channels, hubs, networks, etc., which not only integrate and optimize the existing logistics infrastructure resources, reduce logistics costs such as full transportation and warehousing, but also accelerate the adjustment and construction of international logistics capacity and service network. A highly efficient and multi-modal international logistics supply chain system.
More efficient - improve the overall efficiency of logistics and transportation.
"A FMCG clothing brand in Europe, based on the value chain and marketing strategy, basically relies on aviation for logistics. After the product is offline, it will cover Europe in 1 day and deliver to the world in 3 days. It will 'reach' the market faster and win more for brand promotion. Time." Deng Yanjie said, for example, the highly integrated industrial chain and supply chain and the compression of logistics time can bring higher profits.
In line with industrial upgrading, my country's logistics network is also constantly upgrading.
The "National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network Planning Outline" (hereinafter referred to as the "Outline") puts forward a clear goal: by 2035, "123 travel traffic circles in the country" (1 hour commute in metropolitan areas, 2 hours access to urban agglomerations, and 3 hours coverage of major cities across the country) And the "Global 123 Express Cargo Logistics Circle" (1-day delivery in China, 2-day delivery in neighboring countries, and 3-day delivery in major cities around the world) has basically been realized.
"In terms of construction, we must highlight planning, leading and overall planning to form a 'game of chess' for the transportation network; in terms of mechanism, we must deepen market-oriented reforms; in terms of technology, we must vigorously develop multimodal transport and accelerate the application of modern information technology." Deng Yanjie believes that Jiu Jiuwei With success and solid progress, the Outline will gradually become a reality.
Safer - enhance the competitiveness of logistics enterprises.
"At present, there are still relatively few large third-party logistics companies with international service networks in my country, and logistics companies mostly adopt an asset-light approach to enter the international market, which makes it difficult to form a stable and efficient service network." Wang Wei believes that ensuring national economic security requires us Develop and expand a modern logistics enterprise with international competitiveness.
In recent years, companies such as COSCO SHIPPING, China Merchants Group, JD.com, SF Express, and Cainiao have been accelerating their overseas deployment.
In 2021, the second phase of equity delivery of COSCO SHIPPING Piraeus Port Co., Ltd. will be completed, and the agreement will be to acquire 35% of the CTT terminal in the Port of Hamburg.
JD Logistics has successively opened chartered freight routes between China and Thailand, China and the United States, and China and the United Kingdom, and has achieved 48-hour "door-to-door" delivery.
China Southern Airlines said that it will continue to introduce large cargo aircraft during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period to open up the intercontinental "air artery".
The Ministry of Transport also proposed to encourage key logistics enterprises and import and export cargo owners to establish long-term, stable, mutually beneficial and win-win strategic cooperative relations, and encourage powerful logistics enterprises to "go global" and expand overseas logistics service networks.
Improve the transportation network, optimize freight services, and strengthen international logistics cooperation
Taking multiple measures to promote construction
At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, major progress and important news about the construction of the logistics network came out one after another.
On November 14, 2021, another automated container terminal, Shenzhen Mawan Smart Port, opened.
At present, the scale of automated container terminals built and under construction in my country ranks first in the world.
On December 29, 2021, Hubei Ezhou Huahu Cargo Airport started the verification flight, laying the foundation for the scheduled operation this year.
As my country's first professional cargo airport, Ezhou Airport will become an important international air cargo hub in my country after it is put into use.
In January 2022, the "Work Plan for Promoting the Development of Multimodal Transport, Optimizing and Adjusting the Transport Structure (2021-2025)" and "The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of a Modern Comprehensive Transportation System" were successively issued, which provided the basis for the construction of the logistics network in the future. blueprint.
"The '14th Five-Year Plan' period is the key five years for my country to build a strong transportation country." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Transportation said that it will focus on adjusting the structure, improving services, making up for shortcomings, promoting innovation, and keeping the bottom line, so as to promote the high-quality development of the logistics industry. , and actively build a safe and efficient logistics network with internal and external connectivity.
Improve the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network.
Focusing on the "6 axes, 7 corridors and 8 passages", strengthen the construction of strategic backbone passages such as going out of Xinjiang and Tibet, along the borders along the river and the coast, and the new land-sea passage in the west; speed up the construction of the national highways to be connected; accelerate the construction of high-speed railways along the river, and the upgrading of high-grade inland waterways, etc. Construction of public infrastructure in coastal ports; steady construction of regional airports and general airports.
Improve freight service capabilities.
Consolidate the effectiveness of “refer to rail” and “refer to water” for bulk cargo; accelerate the development of rail-water combined transport, river-sea combined transport, high-speed rail express, etc., to promote an average annual growth of more than 15% in container rail-water combined transport during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period; promote cold chain, urban distribution, The rapid development of rural logistics, etc.; accelerate the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. with the logistics industry, and promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional freight logistics.
Strengthen international logistics cooperation.
In terms of shipping, we will promote the construction of an international shipping center and improve the global shipping service network; in terms of aviation, we will develop all-cargo transportation, expand the scale of the international air cargo fleet, and improve the layout of air cargo hubs; in terms of railways, we will innovate the organization and service model of China-Europe freight trains to speed up The construction of the assembly center will promote the transformation of the travel mode from "point-to-point" to "hub-to-hub"; in terms of highways, speed up the construction of international road transportation capacity, strengthen cooperation with neighboring countries and along the Eurasian Continental Bridge, and improve the level of transportation facilitation.
Our reporter Liu Zhiqiang