阎 岳

　　美联储周三的利率决议，释放了今年3月可能加息的强烈信号。美股不出意料地做出强烈反应，A股也受到不小扰动。

　　如何将美联储加息的影响降到最低？作为仍处新兴发展阶段的A股市场来说，除了本身要继续强身健体、增强免疫力外，财政政策与货币政策应当积极有为。

　　2021年中央经济工作会议对今年经济工作总的要求是“稳字当头、稳中求进”，其中第一条措施就是强调宏观政策要稳健有效，特别强调“财政政策和货币政策要协调联动，跨周期和逆周期宏观调控政策要有机结合”。

　　在货币政策方面，央行在今年年初已经将普惠小微企业贷款延期支持工具转换为普惠小微贷款支持工具，同时将普惠小微企业信用贷款支持计划并入支农支小再贷款管理。这两项直达工具的接续转换对市场化工具有牵引带动作用，有助于促进稳定宏观经济大盘。

　　央行的数据显示，2021年全年企业贷款利率为4.61%，是改革开放四十多年来最低水平。解决融资难、融资贵的老问题终于见到了明显成效。这个成绩的取得与央行采取的量价搭配的调控措施分不开。

　　去年两次降准共释放长期资金2.2万亿元。在保持“量”的合理充裕的同时，央行也在“价”上做了一系列文章，比如2021年12月，1年期LPR利率下调5个基点，是该利率2020年5月以来的首次下调，紧接着在今年的1月20日，1年期LPR下调10个基点，5年期以上LPR下调5个基点。

　　“量”“价”协调联动极大地提升了货币政策的针对性和有效性。这是央行今年要“充足发力”“精准发力”“靠前发力”“把货币政策工具箱开得再大一些”的底气所在。

　　在货币政策发力的同时，财政政策也适时推出了一系列支持实体经济发展的政策措施，两大政策协调联动帮助中国经济在去年取得了领先世界的增长速度。

　　This year, fiscal policy will be coordinated with monetary policy, and policies and measures such as tax cuts and fee reductions, direct funds, and special bonds will continue to boost the confidence of market players, stabilize market expectations, expand effective investment, stimulate terminal consumption, and promote a stable and healthy economy. Continued efforts in development.

Among them, the tax and fee reduction policy has been confirmed at the regular meeting of the National Assembly on January 19. On the basis of the extension of some expired tax and fee preferential policies in the early stage, the implementation of other 11 related technologies, employment and entrepreneurship, medical care, education, etc. will be continued. The preferential tax policy will be implemented until the end of 2023.

　　The policy measures adopted by monetary policy and fiscal policy for the operation of the real economy have taken into consideration how to help the real economy smoothly pass through the special period of "three-phase superposition".

By serving the real economy well, the real economy will be able to enhance its ability to resist changes in the external environment and minimize the negative effects of external disturbances such as the Fed’s interest rate hikes.

By doing this well, the A-share market will also improve its ability to digest negative information.

(Securities Daily)