(经济观察)2022年，中国外贸、外资、消费前景如何？

　　中新社北京1月25日电 题：2022年，中国外贸、外资、消费前景如何？

　　中新社记者 刘亮

　　2021年，中国外贸、外资、消费规模均创历史新高。2022年，这三大商务领域前景如何？中国商务部多位负责人25日在新闻发布会上对此展开分析。

外贸有望实现开门稳

　　2021年中国全年货物进出口39.1万亿元(人民币，下同)，同比增长21.4%。以美元计价，中国进出口规模首次突破6万亿美元大关。

　　商务部对外贸易司司长李兴乾指出，2021年，中国外贸能实现高速增长，主要得益于四大动力源——政策、外需、供给和新业态。

　　他解释道，一系列政策持续发力，稳住外贸主体，也稳住了市场预期；全球经济整体呈现复苏态势，增加了对中国产品的需求；中国产业体系完备，增加供给能力强；跨境电商等新业态新模式蓬勃成长，各类平台和商户充分发挥在线营销、无接触交易、短距离配送等各种优势，助力外贸逆势突围。

　　展望今年，李兴乾坦言，“外贸形势十分严峻，稳增长的困难和压力前所未有”。

　　从需求角度看，全球外需增长面临疫情反复迟滞全球经济复苏进程、复苏不均衡导致全球系统性风险在上升的两大不确定因素。

　　从供给角度看，全球产业链供应链面临两大挑战：一是国际供应链加速重构，发达经济体片面追求产业回归，正在分化市场，降低全球资源配置效率。二是全球供应链紊乱和瓶颈效应短期内难以彻底缓解。这些将给外贸增长持续带来压力。

　　但李兴乾也强调：“中国外贸产业基础雄厚，长期向好的基本面没有改变。在各地、各部门和广大外贸企业共同努力下，我们有信心，实现外贸开门稳，保持全年外贸运行在合理区间。”

资料图：集装箱码头。张茵 摄

外资继续看好中国

　　2021年，中国吸收外资首次突破万亿元，达到11493.6亿元。

　　商务部外国投资管理司司长陈春江分析称，吸收外资能取得这样的成效，主要有以下原因：

　　First, the effect of expanding opening-up continued to be demonstrated.

China has further reduced the negative list for foreign investment access, comprehensively lifted restrictions on foreign shareholding ratios in the auto manufacturing industry, and achieved "zero" manufacturing restrictions in the Pilot Free Trade Zone, which continue to release positive signals to the outside world.

　　Second, the effect of the foreign investment stabilization policy continued to manifest.

Under the "combination" of local policies, the eastern, central and western regions have made concerted efforts to attract foreign investment, with year-on-year growth of 14.6%, 20.5% and 14.2% respectively, and 20 provinces have achieved double-digit growth in foreign investment, which is the best way to stabilize foreign investment nationwide. provided important support.

　　The third is the continuous demonstration of the driving effect of the open platform.

Investment liberalization and facilitation measures for open platforms such as pilot free trade zones, free trade ports, and pilot demonstrations for the expansion and opening of the service industry have continued to be introduced, becoming a high ground for attracting foreign investment.

　　Chen Chunjiang also emphasized that China's increased service to enterprises and optimization of the business environment have also created conditions for attracting foreign investment, such as coordinating and solving difficult problems such as entry of foreign-funded enterprises, customs clearance of goods, and vaccination, which have effectively stabilized business operations.

　　"Foreign-funded enterprises truly feel that China welcomes foreign investment, and their business development expectations and investment confidence have become more stable. According to a recent questionnaire survey by the Ministry of Commerce, 94.9% of the more than 3,000 key foreign-funded enterprises are generally optimistic about their future business prospects. "Chen Chunjiang said.

Consumption continues to recover

　　In 2021, the Chinese consumer market will show a steady recovery, showing strong vitality and resilience.

　　Data show that the total retail sales of consumer goods in 2021 will be 44.1 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.5%.

The contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth reached 65.4%, and consumption has become the first driving force of economic growth again.

　　From the perspective of consumption recovery, the urban and rural markets have recovered simultaneously (the urban and rural cooperatives’ zero sales increased by 12.5% ​​and 12.1% year-on-year, respectively), the consumption of upgraded commodities has increased significantly, the consumption of catering and other services has recovered in an orderly manner, and the rapid development of new types of consumption, etc. further recovery of the consumer market.

　　While the consumer market is recovering steadily, new consumption growth points continue to provide assistance.

For example, various new technologies and new concepts have been widely penetrated in the consumption field, and new consumption scenarios are constantly emerging; smart consumption is growing rapidly; green consumption represented by new energy vehicles and used car transactions is also booming.

　　Looking forward to this year, Xu Xingfeng, head of the Department of Market Operation and Consumption Promotion of the Ministry of Commerce, pointed out that despite the recent spread of the new crown epidemic, China's normalized epidemic prevention and control policies are more precise and scientific, which will help stabilize consumption expectations; The steady increase in the level of residents' income will further stabilize the consumption base; the gradual implementation of policies and measures such as expanding domestic demand and promoting consumption will provide strong support for the recovery of consumption.

(Finish)