There are more than 200 million self-built houses in more than 500,000 administrative villages across the country. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development——
Eliminate hidden dangers and build norms and strengthen supervision (focus on rural self-built houses)
In recent years, accidents of self-built houses in rural areas have occurred from time to time, and some self-built houses in rural areas have been arbitrarily renovated and expanded, and their uses have been changed at will, bringing many safety hazards.
In response to this problem, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has carried out an investigation of potential safety hazards in rural self-built houses nationwide, and issued a notice requiring all localities to strengthen the safety publicity of self-built rural houses.
Our reporter interviewed the heads of relevant departments, talked with experts, and visited the grassroots, introduced my country's measures in the construction of rural self-built houses, craftsman training and safety supervision, and explored new ways to ensure the construction and use of self-built houses in rural areas.
--editor
"Self-built, self-occupied, self-managed" is the main way for farmers to build houses for a long time, commonly known as self-built houses in rural areas.
In recent years, some rural self-built houses have been renovated and expanded at will, and their uses have been changed at will, which has brought many security risks.
Starting from 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development will take the lead in conducting a thorough investigation of potential safety hazards in rural self-built houses within all administrative villages across the country.
How is the "farm inspection"?
How to prevent security incidents from happening at the source?
The reporter interviewed the heads of relevant departments and industry experts of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.
Carry out security risk investigation
Covering more than 200 million houses
Year of construction, housing structure, approval procedures, renovation... In the Village and Township Construction Department of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the reporter saw a checklist of potential safety hazards for self-built houses in rural areas, with detailed classification of entries.
"Beginning in 2020, we have carried out a nationwide investigation of potential safety hazards in rural self-built houses. At present, the preliminary work has been completed, and a 'farm house physical examination' information database has been established." The first-level inspector of the Village and Town Construction Department of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Dong Hongmei introduced.
It is understood that there are more than 200 million rural self-built houses in more than 500,000 administrative villages across the country.
Taking the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as an example, as of April 2021, a total of about 10 million rural houses have been investigated, and 36,500 houses were initially judged to have potential safety hazards.
Among them, a total of 297,000 rural self-built houses were investigated for operation, and 1,029 houses were initially judged to have potential safety hazards.
"Through the comprehensive implementation of the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas for poverty alleviation, all the poverty-stricken households and marginal poverty groups in the country are now living in safe houses. It is not these people who are most worried now, but with the rapid development of the rural economy, new business formats continue to emerge. Many rural self-built houses are renovated and expanded as restaurants, supermarkets, homestays and other business premises or privately rented out. These self-built houses often have no professional design, irregular construction, and no small safety hazards." Dong Hongmei said.
Zhou Tiegang, a professor at the School of Civil Engineering at Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, introduced that the current safety hazards of self-built houses in rural areas mainly stem from two aspects: quality defects during construction and improper use and maintenance in the later period.
The former includes unsafe site selection, unqualified materials, lack of design and technical guidance, and unprofessional construction teams; the latter mainly involves random changes in functions and random additions and expansions during use, resulting in the house being overwhelmed.
In addition, some are caused by living habits. Farmers only live and do not repair, and often minor illnesses are not cured and lead to major disasters.
Improve the mechanism to supervise the whole process
Vigorously cultivate rural craftsmen
In recent years, rural self-built house accidents have occurred from time to time. What are the difficulties behind safety supervision?
In the interview, many industry insiders said that the difficulties mainly include lack of system, weak supervision, and unprofessional construction.
"The application for homesteads for self-built houses in rural areas is approved by the agricultural and rural departments; the size and height of the construction are reviewed by the natural resources department. However, these information are not directly grasped by the housing construction department and require cross-department coordination, which makes it difficult to form a joint supervision force." China Construction Zhu Lixin, a researcher at the Academy of Sciences, said that the lack of supervision of rural self-built houses needs to be filled urgently.
Dong Hongmei introduced that it is necessary to speed up the improvement of the management system and mechanism of rural engineering construction projects, and implement the main responsibility of the property owner (user) for housing safety in accordance with the principle of "who owns, who is responsible"; Effectively link administrative approval and safety supervision.
Recently, some localities have also made more systematic regulations on the safety management of rural construction projects.
"'There are thousands of lines above, but a needle below'. Rural houses are very scattered and the management span is large. There may be only a few people in a county's construction bureau. The strength is too weak, and it is difficult to supervise the whole process." Dong Hongmei said that the next step It is also necessary to continue to consolidate the foundation of local supervision, consolidate the supervision responsibility, and strengthen the supervision force.
In addition, in the past, self-built houses in rural areas tended to help relatives and neighbors to neighbors. There were few rural craftsmen with professional skills, and the quality was not easy to guarantee.
In recent years, local housing construction departments have strengthened the training of rural construction craftsmen. In 2021 alone, more than 110,000 people have been trained, of which more than 40,000 people have obtained training certificates.
Dong Hongmei introduced that at present, it is actively striving to include rural construction craftsmen in the National Occupation Classification Ceremony, and implement a qualified training system; and rely on existing resources to establish an information platform, carry out social credit evaluation of rural construction craftsmen, and implement the "artisan responsibility system" for rural housing construction.
Raise public safety awareness
Establish an information management platform
"It needs to be clear that supervision alone is not enough to ensure the safety of self-built houses in rural areas, and housing talents are the main body of responsibility. They have to choose building materials that meet the quality requirements and find craftsmen with technical skills." Zhu Lixin said.
"Unfavorable areas should be dealt with, and houses built on steep slopes should be used as wall protection" "Structural columns are at the four corners of the house, at the junction of the vertical and horizontal walls"... A few days ago, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development organized the compilation of "A Map of "Safety Common Sense of Self-built Houses in Rural Areas"" , give safety tips on site selection, house layout, foundation foundation, wall masonry, construction safety, etc.
Easy-to-understand and catchy popular science slogans can effectively help rural people raise their awareness of building safety.
Dong Hongmei introduced that to ensure the safety of self-built houses in rural areas, we must adhere to the combination of near and far and treat both the symptoms and the symptoms.
Next, efforts should be made to eliminate the hidden safety hazards of existing rural houses, further promote the investigation and rectification of safety hazards, and focus on strengthening the management of rural houses used for business operations. Prerequisites. If self-built houses are used for business operations, the property owner or user is obliged to provide a house safety appraisal report when handling the registration of market entities.”
Zhou Tiegang suggested that in areas with high earthquake intensity, areas prone to floods, and areas with potential geological hazards to continue to promote housing reinforcement and renovation work, "In this regard, additional financial support is needed. In addition to subsidies for construction and renovation funds, third-party technical services should also be considered as a whole. Expenses." Where does the money come from?
It is understood that at present, some localities have made it clear that the people's governments of cities and counties (cities, districts) are responsible for the quality management of self-built rural houses within their respective administrative areas, and the required funds are included in the financial budget of the corresponding level.
Dong Hongmei introduced that next, it will guide all localities to establish an approval and supervision service platform to realize the "one-network unified management" and "one-network comprehensive management" of the whole process of rural housing land use, planning, construction, and use, and finally form a national comprehensive information management platform for rural housing. Control the hidden safety hazards of rural houses.
Our reporter Ding Yiting