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During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, through innovation subsidies, tax cuts, improved financing, and improved services, my country has greatly improved the innovation capabilities of small, medium and micro enterprises, with more frequent R&D activities, a significant increase in R&D funding, and a rapid increase in effective patents.
The innovation environment faced by small, medium and micro enterprises has been continuously optimized. Government departments have established a large number of national and provincial entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration bases, and innovation platforms such as manufacturing innovation centers have been established.
At the same time, a large number of "specialized, special and new" small giant enterprises have been selected to focus on cultivation.
Recently, 19 departments and units including the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Finance of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for Promoting the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" (hereinafter referred to as the Plan), which reviewed the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan for SMEs. Development achievements, analyzed the current development situation, and pointed out the main tasks and key projects for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.
Among them, innovation is the most important keyword for planning.
Promoting the innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises is the development need of the times
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, continuing to promote the innovation-driven development strategy is still the leading direction for supporting SMEs. Many key projects in the plan are related to this, and measures to enhance SMEs' innovation capabilities and professionalism are also comprehensive and specific.
The advancement of these measures will also further promote the innovation and quality improvement of SMEs.
At the same time, the current technological progress has also given SMEs a greater possibility to become the main force of innovation.
The innovation and quality improvement of many small and medium-sized enterprises is conducive to improving the overall vitality of my country's economy and reducing monopoly.
However, the innovation of SMEs in my country still faces some problems.
First, there is a shortage of corporate talents.
At present, the attractiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially private enterprises, to talents is still insufficient.
Even "specialized, special-new" companies do not have a strong talent attraction.
Second, the insufficient integration of industry, education and research has restricted the ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to use external forces to innovate.
At present, the assessment system for the transformation of scientific research results of Chinese universities and scientific research institutions to market applications has not been effectively established, and the patent conversion rate is not high, which has failed to provide greater assistance to SMEs in innovation.
Third, the technological capabilities of enterprises are still relatively insufficient.
Although high-tech enterprises and "specialized, special-new" enterprises are among the innovation leaders among small and medium-sized enterprises, and their innovation is increasingly active, and the number of patents continues to grow, their technical strength and innovative product quality are still seldom comparable to international benchmarking enterprises.
Relevant data shows that the proportion of invention patents among the patents of high-tech enterprises is still low.
In addition, there are still problems in the innovation of SMEs that financing fails to provide support for all stages of innovation, and green development brings cost pressures.
Build a platform to help SMEs innovate
At present, my country's small and medium-sized enterprises need to focus on solving the problems of insufficient internal talents, insufficient external borrowing power, and lack of substantive innovation.
The plan proposed to focus on subdivided areas to make up for shortcomings, forge longboards, support the development of new business forms and new models, accelerate industry-university-research collaboration, and innovation in large and medium-sized enterprises are good solutions.
China is in a period of transition from the era of big industry to the era of digital economy. De-scaling is the biggest change brought about by the era of digital economy. In particular, the development of platform economy and big data analysis technology has given SMEs unlimited opportunities.
Through the platform's resource integration, SMEs can use external forces to integrate resources to expand their corporate boundaries and better develop their core business.
Many non-core businesses of an enterprise, such as finance, channels, logistics, sales, etc., can be outsourced. The enterprise only needs to understand customer needs and create core products.
The development of digital platforms provides incubators and launchers for innovative products, enabling innovative products to serve consumers faster and more targeted.
In the construction of an innovation platform that integrates all parties, the most attention should be paid to the incentives of all parties.
Take the manufacturing innovation center as an example. The manufacturing innovation center is a new type of innovation carrier established in the form of an independent legal person by the voluntary combination and independent combination of various innovation entities such as enterprises and scientific research institutes. Activities at each link of the innovation chain from technology development to commercial application to create a cross-industry collaborative innovation ecosystem.
All innovation entities carry out open and common technology research and development through the platform to realize the sharing of research and development resources, the sharing of technological achievements, and the sharing of commercial benefits.
How to make the innovation center play a greater role?
First, it is necessary to promote the agglomeration of relevant entities, or reduce participation costs through the industrial Internet; second, to reduce the barriers to participation, allow more entities to participate, create network externalities, and even connect provincial centers and national centers; third, Innovation has externalities, and initial government support is very necessary. Fourth, the innovation center must have more functions to meet the needs of multiple parties. It must have both research and development functions, as well as combined production and marketing products, so that multiple entities can each Fifth, the mechanism should be flexible, including flexible personnel use and return mechanisms, so that the investment in high-investment and high-risk products in research and development can obtain high returns; Sixth, the evaluation mechanism of scientific research institutions should be reformed to enable research The output of personnel can be recognized accordingly.
Finally, various policies to support innovation have been implemented for a long time. We should increase the evaluation of the effects of various policies, sum up experience and lessons, and further promote successful experiences during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.
(The author is the deputy dean of the National Institute of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Renmin University of China, and a professor of the School of Economics)