Finance and Economics: How to improve the financing environment for small, medium and micro enterprises?
Let's see what the central bank says and how to do it
At present, some small, medium and micro enterprises are facing operating pressures, and helping them to relieve their burdens cannot do without financial support.
In the face of financing needs, many small and micro business owners still have some questions: what to do if there is a lack of collateral?
Can the bank account opening process be shortened?
Can the support policy be sustained?
...
For these difficult problems restricting the financing of small and micro enterprises, my country's financial sector has begun to solve them.
Come and hear how the relevant person in charge of the People's Bank of China answers these questions.
—— Mortgage is no longer difficult, even "hairy"
"Wealth is rich, not the ones with hair." This sentence was once regarded by some financial institutions as the "golden rule" for measuring collateral.
However, since January 1, 2021, the unified registration of movable properties and rights guarantees will be implemented nationwide, and this "old Lier" has become obsolete.
“Unified registration solves the problems of difficulty in confirming the rights of the original movable property financing business, low registration and inquiry efficiency, etc., enhances the confidence of financial institutions in carrying out movable property financing business, and improves the availability of financing for small, medium and micro enterprises.” Director of the Credit Investigation Center of the People's Bank of China Zhang Zihong introduced at a press conference held by the People’s Bank of China a few days ago that unified registration realizes the “one-stop service” for the registration and inquiry of movable property and rights guarantee. Predictable priority rules have effectively strengthened the lending confidence of financial institutions.
In this context, financial institutions continue to innovate financial products, and the types of movable properties and rights used for guarantees continue to increase.
Living organisms such as pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, and ducks have been newly added as collateral in many places, and the expected income rights of crops, the management rights of livestock and poultry breeding houses, the management rights of farmers' homestays, and carbon emission quotas have also become collaterals for movable properties.
Registration data shows that from January to November 2021, 4.8 million registrations of small, medium and micro enterprises were registered as guarantors, accounting for 97% of the total number of registrations, an increase of 70% over the same period of the previous year; 2.76 million small, medium and micro enterprises were served, compared with the previous year An increase of 57% over the same period.
The picture shows cows raised in Dongxing Dairy Farm in Wangdian Town, Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Yu
——Explore "new measures" to solve the "old problems" that are difficult to open an account
Difficulty in opening an account for small and micro enterprises is an "old problem". Some commercial banks have insufficient motivation to serve small and micro enterprises. Individual bank branch staff have a tendency to "de-risk", which can easily cause difficulties in opening an account.
According to Yan Fang, deputy director of the Payment and Settlement Department of the People's Bank of China, this "old problem" has recently been superimposed with "new factors."
From January 2020 to November 2021, the number of corporate bank accounts used only for telecommunications network fraud reached 58,500.
Judging from the characteristics of the accounts involved, they are mainly concentrated in start-up small and micro enterprises with no fixed business premises, no office materials, no office staff and other new forms of Internet business.
Therefore, many commercial banks have strengthened the account opening review of these small and micro enterprises, and the problem of account opening has become prominent.
In order to solve this problem, the People's Bank of China has proposed 18 measures, innovatively introduced simple account opening and account classification and hierarchical management, and instructed commercial banks to rationally control account functions by simplifying the requirements of auxiliary materials for account opening, so that the account can be opened and ensured. Safety.
As of the end of November 2021, 114,000 bank outlets across the country have provided easy account opening.
At the same time, the People's Bank of China requires commercial banks to publish account opening information, account opening time limit and account opening fees, etc., to mark the bottom line of banking services.
"For example, if a small and micro enterprise does not have any business activities or a fixed place of business, it cannot be compulsorily required to provide relevant certification materials." According to Yan Fang, commercial banks are also actively strengthening cooperation with the public security department to open some abnormal accounts. Review.
With the joint efforts of all parties, the current account opening process of small and micro enterprises has been optimized, the number has increased significantly, and the time has been greatly reduced.
In the first 11 months of 2021, enterprises (including individual industrial and commercial households) opened a total of 12.75 million accounts, a year-on-year increase of 22.3%.
The account opening rate of newly established enterprises was 79.3%, an increase of 6.2 percentage points year-on-year, and the account opening time was reduced to 1 to 3 days, an average reduction of 60% year-on-year.
The picture shows a business person in charge handling business account opening at a service window of a branch of Guizhou Bank.
Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Qianyu
——Continuous conversion of direct tools, continued momentum of monetary policy
In the face of a rare epidemic in history, the People’s Bank of China has creatively proposed two monetary policy tools that directly reach the real economy. Strength of corporate credit loans.
According to Sun Guofeng, Director of the Monetary Policy Department of the People’s Bank of China, as of the end of November 2021, the People’s Bank of China has provided 18.9 billion yuan in incentive funds through the inclusive small and micro enterprise loan deferred debt service support tool, which directly drives local corporate banks to 2 trillion yuan. Yuan Pratt & Whitney small and micro enterprise loans were postponed; the Pratt & Whitney Small and Micro Credit Loan Support Program provided 317.5 billion yuan of low-cost funds, which directly drove local corporate banks to issue 879.4 billion yuan in inclusive small and micro credit loans, which achieved obvious results.
However, some business owners also raised concerns: the implementation of the direct tool has been postponed twice before, can it provide continuous support in the future?
Recently, the arrangements for these two direct tools have been clarified!
In 2022, these two direct tools will be converted: one will be converted into inclusive small and micro loan support tools, and the other will be included in the management of the re-loan support program for supporting agriculture and small-scale loans.
Zou Lan, Director of the Financial Markets Department of the People’s Bank of China, said that in the next step, the People’s Bank of China will strengthen coordination and cooperation between departments, continue to implement various relief and assistance policies, and accelerate the improvement of the “dare to lend, willing to lend, able to lend, and meeting loans”. A long-term mechanism to continuously optimize the financing environment for small, medium and micro enterprises and support the development of small, medium and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households.
(Reporter Wu Yu)