In the first 11 months, foreign trade imports and exports increased by 24.5% year-on-year. A total of more than 3,300 China-Europe freight trains have been opened.
Yiwu model opens a new round in the big exam
"First launch!" On December 13, the first "Yixin Europe" China-Laos Railway (Yiwu-Vientiane) international freight train departed on the Yiwu platform of the China-Europe Express (Yixin Europe), with a full load of 70 TEUs of potash fertilizer, small household appliances, and machinery. The trains for accessories and textile products depart from Yiwu West Railway Station, pass through Kunming City, Yuxi City, Pu'er City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, exit from Mohan Port, and finally arrive at Vientiane, the capital of Laos.
The China-Laos Railway (Yiwu-Vientiane) international freight train is the first batch of international freight trains to operate after the opening of the China-Laos Railway. It will further shorten the freight time between Zhejiang and other coastal provinces and cities in southeast China and Southeast Asian countries and regions such as Laos.
As the city with the largest number of China-Europe trains in county-level cities, as of the end of November this year, Yiwu has operated a total of 3305 China-Europe trains, covering 50 countries and regions.
One by one containers full of goods transport Yiwu small commodities to all over the world. Why can Yiwu become a "world supermarket"?
Facing such huge demand at home and abroad, how does Yiwu make a new breakthrough in the supply chain examination?
The reporter interviewed Wang Zuqiang, director and professor of the Economic Education and Research Department of the Zhejiang Provincial Party School, and Yang Zhiwen, an associate professor of the Economic Education and Research Department.
Yiwu's foreign trade has risen against the trend under the impact of the epidemic, with the highest sales of five categories of commodities including plastic products and electrical equipment, which has become the epitome of the high-quality development of my country's foreign trade.
Reporter: What is the current situation of Yiwu's foreign trade?
From the perspective of trade development, what are the main types of commodities with the highest sales in Yiwu?
Where are they mainly sold?
Wang Zuqiang: At present, the epidemic of the century is intertwined with the changes in the past century, and the restructuring of the international industrial chain and supply chain is accelerating. Many foreign trade companies, especially small, medium and micro foreign trade companies, have increased their operating pressure and difficulties.
Yiwu conscientiously implemented the Party Central Committee’s “six stability” and “six guarantees” decision-making arrangements, actively responded to the impact of the epidemic, made every effort to stabilize the basic trade of foreign trade, and achieved a stable recovery of foreign trade.
From January to November this year, the total import and export value of Yiwu City was 356.21 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 24.5%.
In terms of export categories, from January to September 2021, the top five export commodities were textiles and apparel, plastic products, electrical equipment, toys and sports goods, and steel products.
In response to the new crown epidemic, Yiwu enterprises have increased the production and sales of anti-epidemic products such as masks and disinfectants. In 2020, exports of anti-epidemic materials under the relevant codes are 14.687 billion yuan, an increase of 47.84% year-on-year.
Yiwu's foreign trade rise against the trend is the epitome of the high-quality development of my country's foreign trade.
According to data released by the General Administration of Customs, in the first 11 months of this year, China's total import and export value was 35.39 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22%.
From the data point of view, the total value of imports and exports in the first November of this year has exceeded the level of 32.16 trillion yuan last year, setting a new record high.
In the first half of the year, my country’s export and import international market shares reached 14.6% and 12% respectively, setting new highs over the same period.
my country's trading partners are in more than 230 countries and regions around the world, and the daily import and export trade volume exceeds 15 billion U.S. dollars.
Reporter: Where is Yiwu in the international industrial chain and value chain?
Wang Zuqiang: At present, with the Yiwu small commodity market as the link, a huge division of labor and cooperation network connecting the world has been formed.
Different from the relatively closed and strongly centralized global value chain division and cooperation system built by many large multinational companies, the cross-regional division and cooperation network built by Yiwu is a highly open and weakly centralized global value chain for mutual benefit and symbiosis system.
Merchants from all over the world can use the trading scenarios of Yiwu Small Commodity Market to establish business contacts, and other trading links are completed through the business system in their own locations.
The cross-regional division of labor and collaboration network built with Yiwu small commodity market as the link provides a high-efficiency, low-cost, international, and shared exhibition and sales platform for global small, medium and micro enterprises.
On the one hand, small, medium and micro enterprises that were unable to build their own export channels and participate in the international division of labor can connect to the world market or enter the Chinese market as long as they connect with Yiwu; on the other hand, high-quality and low-cost Chinese products are going to the world for the people of importing countries and regions. Provide high cost-effective products commensurate with their income level, so that a large number of domestic and foreign market players and their associated tens of millions of families can share the dividends of economic globalization and China's reform and opening up.
Yiwu has therefore become a multi-directional exchange platform for business, logistics, capital, and information that can be shared globally.
The Yiwu market has generally formed a development pattern of "two ends inside and the middle outside". The supply chain network built by it has distributed characteristics, which improves the stability of the entire supply chain network.
Reporter: Compared with other types of commodities, what is the difference between small commodity supply chain management?
Facing such huge demand at home and abroad, how does Yiwu's supply chain respond to the big test?
Wang Zuqiang: Small commodities have the characteristics of low unit price but rich variety and fast update. The single transaction amount is not high, but there are many transaction objects and frequent transactions, and there are many intermediary links.
Most overseas buyers purchase multiple varieties, multiple batches, and small batches through the Yiwu market.
In order to reduce freight costs, multiple buyers exporting to the same port of destination often use the method of consolidating containers for transportation. A container often contains dozens or even hundreds of commodities from different export entities.
This makes the task of export customs supervision more onerous.
At the same time, there are many subjects participating in the transaction process, including market operators, overseas purchasers, foreign trade companies, freight forwarders, customs brokers, warehousing and logistics companies, etc.; and the main components are complex and diverse, including domestic individual industrial and commercial households and foreign natural persons. There are also wholly foreign-owned enterprises, foreign-invested partnership enterprises, and resident representative offices of foreign enterprises.
All these put forward higher requirements for small commodity supply chain management.
At present, the Yiwu market has generally formed a development pattern of "two ends inside and the middle outside", that is, market operators provide samples, entrust production companies across the country to process and manufacture, and then Yiwu market operators conduct sales.
This enables the Yiwu small commodity market to establish a close cooperative relationship with the characteristic industrial clusters associated with all parts of the country. The advantages of Yiwu's business network, logistics network, information network, and capital network are related to the resource elements and specialized production of various industrial clusters. Such advantages are organically combined to promote mutual progress.
The supply chain network built by Yiwu has distributed characteristics. A single market operator often maintains business dealings with multiple suppliers through general distribution, general agency, etc., including large and medium-sized production enterprises with large scale and stable supply, as well as Small and micro production enterprises with flexible and strong adaptability, and various production enterprises all over the country, have enhanced the ability to resist the impact and impact of regional emergencies on the supply chain, and improved the stability of the entire supply chain network.
Yiwu market has formed a comprehensive, three-dimensional, multi-level spider web market network covering 287 secondary markets in 28 provinces across the country; domestic logistics is accessible to more than 1,500 cities at the county level and above, and it is the country's largest less-than-carload cargo distribution center , Has become an important e-commerce logistics channel in Zhejiang Province and even the Yangtze River Delta; international logistics radiates more than 220 countries and regions around the world, and has established an international freight logistics network connecting more than 700 cities around the world.
It plays an important role in the national and even global small commodity trade, and at the same time forms the control of upstream and downstream channels.
Aiming at the characteristics of small commodity trade, Yiwu pioneered the country's first market procurement trade method. Through the process conversion of "internal trade in the transaction link and foreign trade in the logistics link", the majority of small, medium and micro enterprises can rely on the domestic market agglomeration area to carry out foreign trade in the form of domestic trade.
This provides a low-threshold, low-cost, convenient, and shared trade channel for small and medium-sized enterprises that do not have the knowledge and skills of international trade and are unable to build their own foreign trade marketing channels, and meet the needs of small-scale trading entities with high frequency of small batches. Transaction needs.
Reporter: In view of the obstruction of international aviation, highways, ports and other logistics channels, how does Yiwu deal with the challenges of freight transportation and promote the "going out" of commodities?
Wang Zuqiang: At present, the global industrial chain and supply chain cycle are hindered, and the skyrocketing shipping prices have caused a shortage of goods in many European and American countries, experiencing "gasoline shortage", "gift shortage" and even "potato chip shortage".
Compared with sea and air transportation, railways have strong reliability. With the advancement of the “Belt and Road” construction, the China-Europe Road transportation system has developed by leaps and bounds, and the layout has become more and more complete, in order to deepen the all-round connection between Asia and Europe. Played a greater role.
Facing the reality that the logistics channels are blocked, Zhejiang is planning to promote the construction of the "Yixin Europe" and "Yiyongzhou" open channels, and actively deploy the "Belt and Road" overseas stations and cooperation zones.
The province's exports along the "Belt and Road" accounted for 15.4% of the country, of which Yiwu accounted for nearly 1/40 of the country.
Realize the opening of both railway ports and aviation ports.
"Yixin Europe" was opened on land. At present, the train radiates 50 countries and regions in Eurasia and reaches 101 overseas stations, realizing full coverage of major trading countries and regions along the Silk Road.
At the same time, actively promote the construction of sea passages to penetrate the "Yiyong Boat".
Open routes to Osaka, Macau, and Manila, and cooperate with hub airports in Hangzhou, Zhengzhou, and Guangzhou to form a new air cargo channel of "direct routes + cooperative routes".
Jointly build "hubs" overseas, and build digital trade hubs and a number of overseas warehouse projects in the UAE, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Germany and other countries through market-oriented cooperation, and become overseas nodes for domestic and foreign products to "go out" and "bring in".
Yiwu is leaping from small commodities to large manufacturing, building a linkage pattern between commerce and manufacturing
Reporter: One by one, containers full of goods transport Yiwu small commodities to all over the world. Why can Yiwu become a "world supermarket"?
Wang Zuqiang: For the vast number of small, medium and micro enterprises in my country, there are many difficulties in obtaining economies of scale and scope.
In order to obtain economies of scale, companies need to invest limited resource elements into the production of a certain product or a certain link in it, which makes it difficult to obtain the scope economic effect of producing multiple products; if the company produces multiple products in order to obtain scope Economic effect, its limited resource elements can only be used dispersedly, and it is difficult to form economies of scale.
The scope economic effects of Yiwu Small Commodity Market in terms of commodity types, supporting services, and counterparties provide a way to solve the above-mentioned problems.
In the Yiwu Small Commodity Market, specialized wholesalers communicate supply and demand, and one wholesaler can serve many upstream manufacturers and downstream buyers.
As a result, although many small, medium and micro enterprises that produce the same product are relatively independent in operation and relatively scattered in space, they jointly use the Yiwu small commodity market to sell, forming a large-scale supply capacity far exceeding that of a single enterprise, thereby obtaining supply In addition to the external scale effect in sales, supply and marketing costs are amortized, and average transaction costs are significantly reduced, forming a highly competitive wholesale price.
Although the products produced by a single small, medium and micro enterprise are relatively single and even can only focus on a certain production link, the Yiwu small commodity market has gathered a large number of similar products of different specifications produced by similar enterprises, and buyers can freely choose from a series of products. From the perspective of the market as a whole, an economic effect of scope beyond the limitations of individual enterprise resource element capabilities is obtained.
Yiwu's small commodity market has solved the problem of non-economic scope of production by small, medium and micro enterprises with the scope economic effect of sales.
With the aid of Yiwu Small Commodity Market, a centralized trading platform, the majority of small, medium and micro enterprises have realized the synergy of economies of scale and scope.
The synergy of these two effects is not only applicable to production companies and wholesalers associated with Yiwu Small Commodity Market, but also to associated supporting service companies.
It is precisely because of the large-scale business flow, logistics, capital flow, and information flow brought by the Yiwu small commodity market that a single associated supporting service company is able to provide multi-level and diversified services while expanding its business scale. Services, and unit costs tend to decline, and their status in the global commodity trade circulation continues to rise.
Reporter: What is the competitiveness of Yiwu's "Trade-Industry Linkage" model?
How to adapt to market changes in the context of the epidemic and promote upgrading and transformation?
Yang Zhiwen: An important reason why Yiwu's small commodity market can last forever is that it has not built and developed the market in isolation.
Since 1993, Yiwu has implemented the strategy of "attracting business and transferring industry", "promoting industry through business", and "trade-industry linkage", guiding commercial capital to expand into the industrial field in a timely manner, and vigorously developing industries with obvious advantages and high market relevance.
By sharing the two agglomeration effects of a national sales network and regional specialized production, the expansion of industrial scale and industrial upgrading have been promoted, and an industrial system closely linked with the small commodity market has been constructed.
As a result, a pattern of "small commodities, big world, small businesses, large clusters, small industries, and large markets" has been formed. The market drives industry and industry supports the market. The two interact, interdependent, and prosper together, making Yiwu grow from a small commodity distribution center to the whole country. And even the global small commodity trade and circulation center, manufacturing center, R&D and design center and other directions.
In recent years, Yiwu has continued to implement the "Trade-Industry Linkage" strategy to promote the transformation from small commodities to large-scale manufacturing.
Promote the development of small commodity manufacturing in the direction of individualization, quality, and branding, and shift from price competition to comprehensive competition such as quality, technology, brand, and standards.
Promote Yiwu's leap from small commodities to large-scale manufacturing, and build a development pattern in which the commerce industry and the manufacturing industry are more closely linked and mutually promoted.
Reporter: In the face of major changes in the world unseen in a century, what is the enlightenment of the Yiwu model in the process of constructing a "double cycle"?
Wang Zuqiang: The Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to adapt to economic globalization, rely on my country's super-large-scale market advantages, and implement a more proactive opening strategy.
The Yiwu model shows that all localities must fully exploit their own advantages and make positive contributions to the smoothing of the domestic large cycle and the domestic and international dual cycles.
Find out and crack the blocking points in the social reproduction process, so that it can realize the cycle more smoothly.
Under the influence of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, shrinking international market demand, logistics congestion, and the United States continue to provoke frictions in economic, trade, technology and other fields, causing serious damage to the international industrial chain, supply chain, and value chain.
We must systematically sort out the market circulation blockages, factor flow blockages, and industrial chain supply chain blockages in the domestic and international dual cycles, and take multiple measures to crack them.
Promote the mutual promotion of domestic and international double cycles.
What we want to build is an open source rather than a closed loop system. The domestic loop is not a closed loop with closed doors, but an open loop with open doors and actively attracting foreign capital, foreign companies, and other external forces to participate in it.
It is necessary to provide more convenient services for domestic and international commerce and trade, promote the mutual promotion of domestic and international double cycles, and build a new open economic system.
Our reporter Xue Peng Han Yadong