China's grain production "18 Lianfeng", large grain growers: I will increase production
Relying on this year's good year, the co-op of Liu Song, a major grain grower, has harvested 20% more corn output than in previous years.
This made Liu Song and other members of the cooperative extremely happy.
Currently, Liu Song serves as the chairman of the Huaze Agricultural Planting Professional Cooperative in Beilin District, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province.
Liu Song has been engaged in grain trade since 2009, and built a warehouse in the village to purchase corn and rice.
In order to retain the workers, he decided to "plant land in summer and harvest grain in winter".
In 2013, he plunged into the planting process, and later established a cooperative. The transferred land has grown from more than 100 acres to the current 10,500 acres.
Such a large-scale expansion is due to Liu Song and the members of the cooperative based on their optimistic view of the grain prospects, "the output has increased every year."
The real experience from the major grain growers in Northeast China is just a microcosm of China's total grain output achieving the "18 consecutive harvests" since the new millennium.
On December 6, according to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2021, the total grain output for the whole year reached a new high, reaching 1365.7 billion catties, an increase of 26.7 billion catties, a year-on-year increase of 2.0%.
Among them, the output of autumn grain was 1017.8 billion jin, an increase of 19.1 billion jin or 1.9% over the previous year.
Wang Minghua, deputy director of the Rural Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, explained that in 2021, there will be another bumper harvest in the country. Grain production has stabilized at more than 1.3 trillion catties for 7 consecutive years. In order to ensure national food security, cope with the complex and changeable domestic and foreign situation, and overcome Various risks and challenges have provided strong support and laid a solid foundation for the "14th Five-Year Plan" to get off to a good start, promote high-quality economic and social development, and build a new development pattern.
Behind the "Eighteen Lianfeng" Grain Production
Liu Song had already expected a good harvest this year.
"This year's accumulated temperature is significantly higher than previous years, which is very conducive to the growth of corn." In addition, the increase in grain output of the Huaze Agricultural Planting Cooperative is also closely related to the large-scale agricultural production and the improvement of scientific and technological level.
According to Liu Song, the cooperative’s more than 10,000 acres of land are all used to grow corn. Seventy percent of the land belongs to the transfer of land. The transfer contract is signed with the farmers, and the rent is paid every three years; the other 30% belongs to the land trusteeship, and the cooperative collects the farmers per acre. The land is nearly 370 yuan for trusteeship fees, farming on behalf of the farmers, and the final output belongs to the farmers.
In terms of the use of agricultural materials, relying on the soil testing formula of the Modern Agriculture Technology Service Platform (MAP, Modern Agriculture Platform) provided by Sinochem Agriculture, the service cooperative chose suitable seeds, pesticides, and fertilizers, which not only reduced 35 yuan per mu , Saving costs, effectively coping with this year’s increase in agricultural material prices, and also bringing about a 20% increase in output.
In 2021, all regions across the country will consolidate their responsibilities for grain production, implement the most stringent farmland protection system, resolutely curb the “non-agriculturalization” of farmland and prevent “non-grainization”, further increase support for grain production, and support the reclamation of abandoned land Develop winter fallow fields and increase farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain.
The increase in total grain output this year is attributable to an increase of 12.95 million mu of grain sown area nationwide over the previous year, an increase of 0.7%, and an increase of 4.8 kilograms of grain yields over the previous year, an increase of 1.2%.
It is worth noting that the structure of grain production has changed.
For example, corn is a high-yield crop. Although the output per mu decreased by 0.4% year-on-year due to flood disasters in the Huanghuaihai region such as Henan, the planting area increased by 5.0% year-on-year, and the output increased by 23.8 billion jin, a year-on-year increase of 4.6%, accounting for the increase in national grain output. Of 89.1%.
As the yield of soybeans is lower than that of corn, farmers' willingness to plant has weakened, corn planting area has increased, and soybean planting area has declined.
"The northeast is cooked, the world is sufficient."
This year, the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia increased production by 18.8 billion catties in total, contributing 70.3% of the country’s increase in grain production.
Among them, Heilongjiang Province's grain output accounts for 11.5% of the country's total grain output, ranking first in the country for 11 consecutive years.
Wang Shihai, a professor at Anhui Agricultural University, told CBN reporters that the area planted with cereals this year has increased by 2.3% year-on-year. This is a rare phenomenon in recent years, indicating that the Chinese government's efforts to prevent "de-grainization" have achieved remarkable results.
He mentioned that this year's grain output remained stable and increased production was related to three aspects: technological progress, policy support, and overall agricultural production climate improvement.
Specifically, the contribution rate of China's agricultural science and technology progress has exceeded 60%, and science and technology has become an important driving force; at the same time, the income support policy with income subsidies and cost subsidies as the core has also guaranteed the grain growers to a certain extent. Income; Third, the weather conditions this year are generally conducive to stable and increased grain production. In addition, the improvement of disaster resistance has greatly reduced the disaster area. Even if regional natural disasters occur in individual years, the actual impact of disasters will be eliminated to the greatest extent .
The emerging big growers
The transfer of land to form a large-scale agricultural operation is not a special case in Northeast China, but has become popular throughout the country.
The agricultural conditions of the "big country and small farmers" are changing.
Linjiahe is a large grain grower in Suixi County, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. Nearly 500 acres of paddy fields have been transferred, and the rent is 1,350 yuan per acre.
As the land is converted to high-standard farmland in Guangdong Province, the annual compensation for production reduction of nearly 700 yuan per mu and a subsidy of about 300 yuan for growing grain can be obtained, which greatly reduces the cost of transferring land.
According to Lin Jiahe, the early rice yield of local growers is generally good, with a yield of about 1,000 jin per mu.
Affected by the weather, the output of late rice can generally only reach about 800 jin per mu, which is 10% lower than in previous years.
He said that after the large-scale operation of agriculture, although spraying and prevention can use drone operations and mechanized harvesting, which can greatly reduce labor costs, if management is not careful, it may affect the profit.
Zhou Mingzhao is the legal representative of the Fengcheng Fragrant Rice Industry Development Cooperative Association in Anlu City, Hubei Province.
Since 2012, the cooperative has transferred nearly 6000 acres of land to plant mid-to-late indica rice and another wheat or rapeseed for 10 years.
Over the years, the yield per mu of rice has also undergone a change from only 400 kg at the beginning, gradually increasing to 500 kg, and then to 600 kg.
He explained that the land protection subsidies, planting subsidies, and agricultural insurance provided by local governments over the years have ensured a high yield of rice from a macro perspective. In addition, social service organizations provide full-process services from planting, pesticides to fertilizers, especially It is a market-oriented acquisition from processing companies after delivery, and the market price per catty is 0.08 to 0.1 yuan higher than the market price of ordinary products.
"Grow good quality and sell at a good price", which has played a major role in guaranteeing the increase in output and farmers' income.
At the beginning of each year, the cooperative signed an order with a local leading enterprise when it was preparing to plant seeds.
According to Zhou Mingzhao, cooperatives are also to a large extent to help individual farmers gather their land and cultivate them for sustainable development.
He said that Tangdi Town, where the cooperative is located, is a suburban town in Anlu City. It is convenient to work in the city. Most young people choose to go out to work. Most of the people who stay in the countryside are the elderly and children.
Cooperative members are mostly 55 to 65-year-olds. They are older when they go out to work and have plenty of time to take with their grandchildren at home. So they choose experts in farming and set up cooperatives to organize farmers to take care of the land.
Zhao Yuanyu is a large grain grower in Gaotang County, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province. With effective company operation and management, he manages thousands of acres of land.
"The benefits of (large-scale) farming are pretty good, otherwise it would not grow from 500 acres to the current 5,000 acres."
In 2007, Zhao Yuanyu started with large-scale cotton planting. At the most, he had planted more than 900 mu of cotton.
Later, he began to grow wheat and corn professionally.
Due to the combination of wheat and corn, wheat is a normal year and the output is stable.
As for corn, production has been reduced due to rainy weather, but the price is higher than in previous years, and the benefits are not bad.
The reason for the continuous expansion of the scale of circulating land, he told the China Business News reporter, "In terms of purchasing agricultural materials, there is a price advantage."
What follows is that the circulating land is sought after by the market.
Large grain growers were impressed by the increase in rents for circulating land.
In Gaotang County, the rent for an acre of land rose from 800 yuan in 2019 to 900 yuan in 2020, and then to 1,000 to 1,200 yuan today.
Although the contract is signed every five years, the rent is still available on the market.
Zhao Yuanyu said that the increase in land rent is the general trend, and it cannot be reduced unless it does not circulate.
The next step is the competition among large grain farmers. Only by planting the land well and increasing the output can the scale effect be better played.
Author: Shao Haipeng