How small housekeeping supports the people's livelihood
【Economy Interface】
Cooking and cleaning, sorting and storage, infant and childcare, elderly care...With the continuous increase in the income level of urban and rural residents in my country, the development of social processes such as new urbanization, social division of labor, and population aging, as well as the implementation of the three-child policy, The once-neglected profession, housekeeping, has now become an indispensable rigid need in many people's lives, providing charcoal in the snow for every family.
A few days ago, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 15 departments jointly issued the "Three-year Implementation Plan for the "Front-Runner" Action to Deepen the Promotion of the Quality and Expansion of the Domestic Service Industry", requiring that by 2023, each "front-runner" city cultivates more than 3 branded employee-based housekeeping enterprise. In the process of improving quality, expanding capacity, and standardizing development, what difficulties are still facing the housekeeping industry? How to develop in a healthy and orderly manner with policy support? This reporter conducted an interview and research.
1. Diversified housekeeping services have become rigid demand
【Case】
In August this year, Liu Yuchen, a post-90s girl who lives in Tongzhou District, Beijing, became a "novice" mother. Due to lack of experience in taking care of newborns, the young couple decided to hire a confinement. From how to feed the baby to the baby bathing process, not only the newborns received professional care from the confinement, but Liu Yuchen also learned a lot of experience in taking care of the newborns.
"On the one hand, we are a dual-income family. The father of the child is very busy with work, and the elderly in the family cannot stay in Beijing for a long time. There is a shortage of manpower to take care of the child; She can develop good habits, eat more nutritiously, and have a healthier body." Liu Yuchen told reporters about the reasons for choosing Yuesao.
As many young people's ideas change, income levels increase, and the objective conditions of work and family are difficult to balance, housekeeping services such as confinement nurses, baby nurses, and babysitters are gradually being needed by more people.
The reporter found on a recruitment website that in Beijing, the demand for recruiting housekeepers to pick up children, look after children, cook, clean, and take care of the elderly is relatively large.
Teacher Xu, who teaches in a school in Haidian District, Beijing, because both husband and wife are busy at work, and there is no elderly person to help with the children at home, and the two children are not taken care of after school, so he hired a nanny to pick him up and cook. Xiao Shan, who works, has a three-year-old daughter. After her parents returned to her hometown, she also hired a nanny to take care of the children. It costs about 7,000 yuan a month.
In the park near Xiao Shan’s residential area, many children playing are taken care of by a nanny. Xiao Shan told reporters: “Nowadays, in many dual-income families, it is very common for parents to work and no one to take care of their children. Especially with the second child. When the policy is implemented, there are many children in the family, and it is even more necessary to ask housekeepers to take care of them."
In addition, with the further deepening of my country's population aging, the demand for home care for the elderly is increasing year by year, and the demand for professional housekeeping staff to take care of the elderly and do rehabilitation care is also increasing.
"The demand for housekeeping in the entire market is still very large. Housekeeping services have become a rigid demand for many families and are showing a continuous growth trend." said Chen Zhe, director of Beijing Housekeeping Service Association and founder and CEO of Beijing Downton Family Technology Co., Ltd. At present, the company's business is basically based on orders for home care needs, and there are about three to four hundred orders per month.
From the perspective of the entire market, there are more orders for hourly workers such as cleaning, organizing and storing.
From the one- or two-year service period of home care, infant and childcare, to simple hourly services such as cleaning range hoods and house cleaning, housekeeping needs have covered all aspects of people's daily home life.
Recently, Zeng Zegan, who lives in Xicheng District, Beijing, has just renovated his wedding house. During the renovation and after the completion of the renovation, he went to the house to clean the house.
Zeng Zeqian told reporters: "After renovation, there is a lot of construction garbage and decoration garbage in the house, and it is troublesome for us to tear off the protection on the ground and windows, clean up the dust inside the cabinet, etc., so we have no way to start. Housekeeping cleaning."
During the renovation process, Zeng Zeqian found a total of 4 wasteland cleaning and cleaning, usually two or three aunts worked together for half a day.
On some platforms, the price of housekeeping services is about RMB 60 per aunt per hour, and different types of cleaning have different prices.
In Zeng Zeqian’s opinion, it is now common for young people to ask for housekeeping. “The main reason is that most young people are relatively busy at work, and some do not like cleaning. The relative price of hourly cleaning workers is not high, which can improve the cleanliness of the house. It’s a big improvement. However, the middle-aged and elderly people should ask for housekeeping relatively less. They are more accustomed to doing their own work and feel that they have spent the wrong money."
The increase in demand for housekeeping services and the increase in individual demands have also promoted the diversification and refinement of the housekeeping industry.
In January of this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security announced a number of newly-added occupations, and the addition of the "organization and receptionist" occupation under the "housekeeping attendant" occupation, reflecting the current job market, the current status of the development and changes of new technologies and new occupations in the housekeeping industry .
As people's requirements for the quality of life are increasing, the demand for new housekeeping such as storage and tidying is also increasing.
According to the survey of "White Paper on China Organizing Industry 2020", 85% of Chinese people do not understand space planning, 91% of them suffer from hoarding and are reluctant to throw away clothes; 83% of them have more than 500 pieces of clothes in their wardrobes; 75% of them waste it Lots of storage space.
In the finishing and storage industry, there are currently more than 7,000 people who have received professional finishing training across the country. There will be more than 2,200 new professional finishing specialists nationwide from 2019 to 2020, and the growth momentum is strong.
2. There is a gap of 20 million employees
【Case】
Recently, Ms. Yin, who lives in Chaoyang District, Beijing, wanted to use an intermediary to find a housekeeper to help with the child. After more than a month, no suitable one was found. "I want to find a job that guarantees working hours and is good for the children." She told reporters that the salary of an experienced aunt in the house is 7,000 to 8,000 yuan, and it is difficult to find a suitable one. "I didn't expect to find a nanny better than me. It’s hard."
In recent years, the demand for housekeeping has become increasingly strong, but there is still a large gap in the supply of housekeeping services, and there has been a relatively obvious imbalance in the supply and demand market.
According to data released by the Ministry of Commerce, there are 30 million people in our country's political service industry, but there is still a gap of about 20 million people.
The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security recently released the "Ranking of the 100 most job-less jobs in the country for the third quarter of 2021." Marketing professionals, welders, and customer service administrators ranked in the top ten.
Among them, domestic waiters who are engaged in household cooking, family member care, and family affairs management have a large demand gap in Guangzhou, Xiamen, Chongqing, Fuzhou and other places.
"Compared with the overall shortage of employees, in the housekeeping industry, what is even more lacking are the aunts with high professionalism." Chen Zhe introduced, currently in the market, there are systematic training, professional vocational skills, and service-conscious housekeeping services. The staff is still relatively short.
Zeng Zeqian has a more intuitive feeling about this. His 4 "reclamation" prior to this were orders placed on different platforms.
Regarding the level of service, Zeng Zeqian said: “The quality of cleaning is not the same, but compared to our young people’s cleaning, it is still much more elaborate. Auntie cleaning will bring her own vacuum cleaner and other tools, so there is no need to worry about the lack of tools for cleaning at home. Yes. Some of the shortcomings are that some aunts do not have a strong sense of time and did not arrive on time at the agreed time. Some aunts spend time at work, which increases the cost of time."
The reporter searched on some recruitment websites and found that many of the recruitment requirements for housekeeping service personnel are relatively broad. The age requirement is between 20 and 55. If you have no experience, you can train for free. It ranges from 20,000 yuan.
As for the skill training of housekeeping personnel, various housekeeping companies currently on the market mainly organize relevant personnel to conduct business training within the company based on the premise of following the national vocational skill standards for housekeeping attendants and related guidance opinions.
Therefore, how to judge the effect of training and how to ensure the quality of service at work, these questions currently have no unified answer in the market.
According to Chen Zhe’s observation, on the one hand, the housekeeping market is getting bigger and bigger, and people’s demand for housekeeping services is increasing; on the other hand, housekeeping practitioners also feel personally that the number of employees and overall quality have not kept up with the market. Development needs.
"From the demand side of housekeeping services, the average age of users is decreasing year by year, but for practitioners, their age is increasing year by year." Chen Zhe told reporters that at present, the age of domestic workers is mainly distributed in the post 60s. Before 85, the number of young people born in the post-85s and post-90s was still relatively small, and many young people were unwilling to engage in the housekeeping industry.
A few days ago, the topic "would you be despised when you are a babysitter after 00", which triggered a heated discussion among netizens, also revealed the current development of the housekeeping industry.
Many netizens understand the case of "being a babysitter after 00", but the career choices of young people entering the housekeeping industry still impact people's traditional outlook on job selection with its "alternative" colors.
Some netizens said, "In the long run, we must also consider career prospects" and "worry that this career will not be respected."
The status quo of low professional recognition, restriction of traditional concepts, and lack of upward channels for career development have become the bottleneck restricting the development of the housekeeping industry.
3. Encourage domestic service companies to implement employee system
【Case】
In May of last year, Dayuan Town, Tonggu County, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province opened two training courses on housekeeping services. More than 60 rural women put down their hoes and walked into the classroom to receive professional and systematic training in batches. Villager Luo Xianmei obtained the certificate of childcare worker after training. For the past year, she has been working as a confinement worker in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, with a monthly salary of nearly 10,000 yuan. In recent years, various localities have increased policy support and extensively launched domestic service training classes, which not only improved the professional level of employees, but also effectively promoted employment and rural revitalization.
In order to promote the orderly development of the housekeeping industry, a number of targeted related policies have been introduced in recent years.
According to the requirements of the "Three-Year Implementation Plan for the "Front Runner" Action (2021-2023) for Deepening and Promoting the Quality and Capacity Expansion of the Domestic Service Industry" jointly issued by 15 departments including the National Development and Reform Commission, by 2023, every "Front Runner" city Cultivate more than 3 branded employee-based housekeeping enterprises, the service capacity coverage rate of community housekeeping outlets has reached more than 90%, and 10% of housekeeping employees have received education related to housekeeping.
At the same time, the implementation plan proposes 9 key tasks such as the development of employee-based housekeeping enterprises, the promotion of housekeeping in the community, the creation of a well-known housekeeping brand, the continuous improvement of the quality of housekeeping workers, and the improvement of the treatment of housekeeping workers.
According to relevant industry experts, the employee system and the intermediary system are currently the two main business models of the housekeeping service industry.
In the intermediary system of housekeeping enterprises, housekeeping service personnel are not formal employees of the company, and the company provides intermediary services for customers and housekeeping service personnel.
In employee-based domestic enterprises, the company signs labor contracts with domestic service personnel and pays them "five insurances and one fund". The company uniformly arranges service personnel to provide services to customers and conduct continuous training management, which is conducive to improving the stability of practitioners And sense of gain.
"How to find a responsible nanny to take care of the children is a problem that every family is very concerned about." Xiao Shan told reporters that the nanny hired at home was introduced by an acquaintance. During the running-in period, more importantly, it is necessary to observe whether the nanny takes the child reliably.
"If the housekeeping staff has a company responsible for training, dispatching orders, and monitoring, the quality of service can be more assured, and consumers will be more at ease." Xiao Shan said.
Xiao Shan’s worries are not alone. The fact that they can’t find suitable housekeepers at critical moments, turn on cameras to monitor service behaviors, and leave after working for a few days all reflect that consumers are facing the situation without a reasonable market mechanism. Of uncertain risks.
On the other hand, the problems of excessive unreasonable demands and poor treatment by employers are also the dilemmas faced by many domestic workers at the moment, and they need to be protected by relevant mechanisms.
"Currently, most domestic companies that implement the intermediary system are in the market. Encouraged by policies such as the implementation of the employee system in the domestic service industry, we are also working hard in this direction." Chen Zhe said that at present, the company's domestic service personnel have an employee system. , Training system and affiliate system.
For the aunts who implement the employee system, in addition to uniform training, they will also provide more protection including insurance.
In addition to encouraging and supporting the employee system, all localities continue to increase policy support for the development of the housekeeping industry.
In Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, people's livelihood services such as human resources, civil affairs, and health care are concentrated at grassroots housekeeping service stations to guide formal and high-quality housekeeping enterprises to enter and develop characteristic housekeeping services and products.
Among them, home services, maternal and child care, elderly care, medical rehabilitation and other services have met the diversified housekeeping needs of community residents.
Recently, Sichuan Province, Tianjin Binhai New Area, Lhasa City in Tibet Autonomous Region, Heze City in Shandong Province and other places have held housekeeping vocational skills competitions and other activities, setting off an upsurge of learning and improving housekeeping service skills in various places.
(Our reporter Yao Yaqi)