The general survey of agricultural germplasm resources has achieved phased results
Agricultural germplasm resources are national strategic resources, which are related to the overall revitalization of the seed industry.
In March this year, my country launched the largest survey of agricultural germplasm resources in the history of New China.
Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs held a press conference. Sun Haoqin, deputy director of the Seed Industry Management Department, said at the meeting that up to now, the census and collection of crop germplasm resources in 2,323 counties have been completed, and the administrative village census for livestock and poultry The coverage rate reached 97.6%, and the coverage rate of the census in aquatic products exceeded 95%. The census has achieved initial results.
A large number of new resources and characteristic resources have been discovered
The phased results are reflected in three aspects. One is the discovery of a large number of new resources.
20,800 crop germplasm resources were newly collected, 18 livestock and poultry genetic resources were newly discovered and identified, and more than 30,000 aquaculture germplasm resources were newly collected.
Some of these resources are old, some are rare and endangered, and some carry farming civilization and traditional culture, especially filling the gaps in the general survey of livestock and poultry genetic resources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
The second is to rescue and protect a batch of rare resources.
Newly collected 50,000 genetic materials from six major livestock species including pigs, horses, cattle, sheep, deer, and camels.
Endangered species such as Zhongshan duck and Shanghai buffalo were rediscovered and properly protected in this census.
Third, important progress has been made in the construction of a national germplasm resource bank.
The National Crop Germplasm Bank was completed in September and put into trial operation. The National Livestock and Poultry Germplasm Bank approved the project in July, and the National Marine Fishery Biological Germplasm Bank was officially put into operation in October.
Shi Jianzhong, Director of the Office of the National Animal and Poultry Genetic Resources Committee and Secretary of the Party Committee of the National Animal Husbandry Station, introduced that the plateau area census insists on tasks to experts, targets to the grassroots, and information to the households.
Starting from the Qinling Mountains in the east, the Pamirs in the west, the southern foothills of the Himalayas in the south, and the northern edge of the Kunlun Mountains in the north, more than 200 experts at the national level have overcome numerous difficulties to carry out on-site inspections and conduct on-site audits of each newly discovered resource. Acceptance check and laboratory comparison and confirmation check.
The first survey of aquaculture germplasm resources
This year, my country conducted the first survey of aquaculture germplasm resources.
Li Shumin, the first-level inspector of the Fisheries and Fisheries Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, believes that this work can speed up the understanding of the status and development trend of aquatic germplasm resources, carry out rescue collection and protection, and discover a number of excellent new resources.
The germplasm resources of aquaculture are all underwater, and there are more than 800 kinds of freshwater fishes, more than 2,000 kinds of marine fishes, as well as shrimps, crabs, algae, and other parts other than fish, shrimps, shells and algae. It is necessary to complete the resource census task. It's not easy.
"We strengthen organization and leadership and have a team of more than 200 experts; strengthen coordination and give full play to the role of grassroots aquatic technology promotion agencies and village-level epidemic prevention officers. Breeding farms, breeding companies, original seed stations, conservation farms and other breeding entities share the same Participate; strengthen professional support and give full play to the role of the national and provincial modern agricultural industrial technology system." Li Shumin said.
Up to now, a batch of excellent aquatic germplasm resources with local characteristics have been discovered.
Experts selected ten representative germplasm resources such as Yangtze saury and golden lobster, which are mainly used for scientific research and breeding, and some can be used as ornamental fish, which is very beneficial to industrial development.
Turn good resources into good varieties
Germplasm resources are the foundation for the innovation of the seed industry, and only good resources can produce good varieties.
Qian Qian, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Institute of Crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that the first step is to accurately identify germplasm resources to clarify its high-yield, high-quality, strong disease resistance, drought resistance, and good salt and alkali resistance. According to these Characteristics find the corresponding gene.
Secondly, it is necessary to combine excellent traits by means of hybridization, auxiliary selection and other means.
In addition, the latest biological breeding technology can also be used to utilize the excellent genes contained in germplasm resources to quickly and directionally carry out germplasm improvement and variety innovation to achieve the goal of new variety breeding.
Speaking of the marketization and industrialization of germplasm resources, Sun Haoqin said that he is currently accelerating the compilation and analysis of census data. Next, we will continue to deepen the identification of agronomic traits of newly collected crop germplasm resources, and accelerate the development of livestock, poultry and aquatic germplasm. The production performance measurement of resources; the completion of the cataloging and storage of newly collected crop germplasm resources, the implementation of one product, one policy protection strategy for livestock, poultry and aquatic germplasm resources, and the protection of each germplasm resource.
Census collection is only the first step in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. In the end, resource advantages must be transformed into innovation advantages and industrial advantages.
"We will thoroughly implement the relevant arrangements of the Central Seed Industry Revitalization Action, dig out the traits of excellent germplasm resources, share excellent germplasm resources, and develop excellent germplasm resources in order to strengthen the realization of agricultural and rural modernization and satisfaction. The germplasm foundation that the people need for a better life provides strong support." Sun Haoqin said.
(Reporter Chen Chen)