Development and Reform Commission: The income gap between urban and rural, regional and different groups of residents tends to narrow overall

　　China News Service, September 28. Ning Jizhe, member of the Party Leadership Group of the National Development and Reform Commission, and Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Director of the National Bureau of Statistics, pointed out on the 28th that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country's economic strength has continued to rise and the people's living standards have been comprehensively improved. , The income distribution pattern of residents has gradually improved.

Although there is a gap between the rich and the poor, the income gap between urban and rural, regional and different groups of residents tends to narrow overall.

　　The Information Office of the State Council held a press conference on the 28th to introduce the relevant situation of the white paper "China's Comprehensive Well-off Society".

Ning Jizhe said at the meeting that the process of building a moderately prosperous society in my country in an all-round way is a process of declining poverty and a process of increasing prosperity of the people.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country’s economic strength has continued to rise, the people’s living standards have improved in an all-round way, and the income distribution pattern of residents has gradually improved.

Although there is a gap between the rich and the poor, the income gap between urban and rural, regional and different groups of residents tends to narrow overall.

　　First

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With the country’s poverty alleviation and the deepening of agricultural and rural reform and development, the income of rural residents has grown significantly faster than that of urban residents, and the relative income gap between urban and rural residents has continued to narrow.

From the perspective of income growth, from 2011 to 2020, the average annual per capita disposable income of rural residents increased by 10.6% in nominal terms, and the average annual growth rate was 1.8 percentage points faster than that of urban residents.

From the perspective of the income ratio of urban and rural residents, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents has decreased year by year, from 2.99 in 2010 to 2.56 in 2020, a cumulative decrease of 0.43. In 2020, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents will decrease by 0.08 compared with 2019. , Is the fastest year of decline since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

　　The second is

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Under the effect of the regional coordinated development strategy and the implementation of major regional strategies, the regional income gap has narrowed as the regional development gap narrowed.

From 2011 to 2020, the relative gap in the per capita disposable income of residents between the highest-income provinces and the lowest-income provinces decreased year by year. The income ratio decreased from 4.62 in 2011 (the ratio of Shanghai to Tibetan residents' income) to 3.55 (the income of Shanghai and Gansu residents) in 2020. The ratio) is the lowest level since the beginning of the new century.

In 2020, the income ratios of the eastern and western regions, the central and western regions, and the northeastern and western regions were 1.62, 1.07, and 1.11, respectively, down 0.08, 0.03, and 0.18 from 2013.

　　Third

of

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The Gini coefficient is a commonly used indicator to measure the income gap of residents.

The Gini coefficient is usually calculated by household income and consumption expenditure. The World Bank has calculated both of these indicators.

Calculated on the basis of residents' income, my country's Gini coefficient has fluctuated and declined in the past ten years.

After the national per capita disposable income Gini coefficient reached its highest point of 0.491 in 2008, it has shown a trend of volatility and decline since 2009. It will fall to 0.468 in 2020, a cumulative decrease of 0.023.

At the same time, the adjustment of residents' income distribution is increasing.

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the nation’s per capita net income from transfers increased by 10.1% annually, faster than the growth of the overall income of residents.

In the World Bank database, the Gini coefficient of consumption in China in 2016 was 0.385, which was 0.080 lower than the Gini coefficient of income in the year of 0.465. The consumption data more directly reflects the actual living standards of residents.

　　Fourth, the

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To look at the income of residents, we must not only look at the disposable income of the family, but also look at the public services provided by the government to improve people's livelihood.

In the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, all regions and departments have actively promoted the equalization of basic public services.

Improving the multi-level social security system has achieved remarkable results. At present, my country has established the world's largest social security network. At present, basic medical insurance covers more than 1.35 billion people, and basic old-age insurance covers more than 1 billion people.

The construction of the housing security and supply system is progressing steadily. The country has built a total of more than 80 million sets of various types of affordable housing and resettlement housing, helping more than 200 million people in need to improve their housing conditions.

The fairness and quality of education continue to improve, and the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education in 2020 is 95.2%.

Basic medical and public health services have been improved. In 2020, the general public budget health expenditure will be 1.92 trillion yuan.

The people's income through their own labor, business income, and income from transfer payments are increasing.

At the same time, some income does not enter the family, but is provided to the general public through public services. In socialist countries with Chinese characteristics, various departments and regions have done a lot of work in this regard.

　　Ning Jizhe stated that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, to further control and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, we must not only make a big pie, but also divide the pie. We must insist that development is the top priority and increase employment through economic development, hard work, and expansion. Resident income, while insisting on distribution according to work as the main body and coexisting multiple distribution methods, increasing the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution, improving the reasonable wage growth mechanism, focusing on increasing the income of low-income groups, and expanding middle-income groups; improving distribution according to factors Policy system to increase the element income of low- and middle-income groups; improve the redistribution mechanism, increase the adjustment and precision of taxation, social security, and transfer payments; play the role of the third distribution to develop charity; build the initial distribution and redistribution , The basic institutional arrangements for the coordination of the three distributions promote social fairness and justice, promote the all-round development of people, and enable all people to make solid progress towards the goal of common prosperity.

　　In addition, Ning Jizhe pointed out that taxation can already play an important role in the distribution, whether it is in the initial distribution, redistribution, and three distributions, the role of tax leverage must be exerted.