Whether a country’s agriculture is strong or not, in the final analysis has to be measured by quality.
The quality of agricultural products is related to the development of the agricultural industry and the health of the public.
The "14th Five-Year Plan" and the 2035 long-term goal outline propose that the adjustment of agricultural structure should be deepened, the high-quality grain project should be promoted, and the green transformation of agriculture should be promoted.
This round of think tanks invited four experts to provide advice and suggestions for improving the quality of agricultural products, promoting the green transformation of agriculture, strengthening the support of agricultural science and technology, and promoting the quality and efficiency of the agricultural industry.
host
Sun Shifang, Member of the Editorial Board of Economic Daily and Dean of China Institute of Economic Trends
The production level of high-quality agricultural products urgently needs to be improved
Moderator: At this stage, how is the production of high-quality agricultural products in my country?
What is the status of green development and brand building of various agricultural business entities?
Zheng Fengtian (Deputy Dean of the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Renmin University of China): In accordance with the requirements of the "National Quality Agricultural Strategic Plan (2018-2022)", combined with the results of the "Investigation on New Type Agricultural Business Entities of the Economic Daily (Phase 3)" , The research team analyzed the production of high-quality agricultural products from the perspective of the development of high-quality agricultural products, specifically from the certification and sales of "three products and one standard" (non-polluted products, green products, organic products, and geographical indications of agricultural products), as well as new varieties and new products. In terms of equipment and new technology introduction, the situation of new subjects and ordinary farmers will be compared and introduced.
In general, the production level of high-quality agricultural products in my country needs to be improved at this stage. The proportion of "three products and one standard" products and the sales of "three products and one standard" products are not too high.
New agricultural business entities are the main force in the production of high-quality agricultural products, and their enthusiasm for high-quality agricultural production is on the rise. Among them, leading enterprises have the highest production enthusiasm, and the quality and safety of agricultural products are higher than other new agricultural business entities, except for leading enterprises. The sales of high-quality agricultural products from other new-type agricultural business entities have shown a weak trend.
At the same time, new agricultural business entities are also the main force in the introduction and research and development of new varieties, new equipment, and new technologies. However, different types of new agricultural business entities have slightly different preferences. Among them, cooperatives are more inclined to introduce new varieties and new technologies. Farms and large professional households have introduced more new varieties and new equipment, and leading enterprises have introduced the most new technologies.
In addition, from the perspective of green development, the input of new agricultural business entities and ordinary farmers in chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films and other chemicals has shown a downward trend.
New agricultural entities are superior to ordinary farmers in terms of green technology adoption and agricultural waste utilization.
Various green development methods have a certain effect on improving the quality and safety of agricultural products, but new agricultural business entities have adopted fewer methods that can significantly improve the quality and safety of agricultural products, and further improvement and optimization are needed.
Among them, cooperatives need to continue to develop water-saving irrigation technology, family farms need to continue to promote the reuse of agricultural organic waste and livestock manure reuse, and large professional households need to focus on the development of water-saving irrigation technology, agricultural organic waste reuse and livestock manure reuse.
From the perspective of brand building, the overall level of brand building of new agricultural business entities and ordinary farmers is not high, and there is insufficient driving force for the production of "three products and one standard" products. The brand building of many new agricultural business entities has not yet reached high-quality agricultural products. The required level of production needs to be further strengthened.
The level of brand building of new agricultural business entities is higher than that of ordinary farmers, among which leading enterprises and cooperatives are the main force in brand building.
The survey data shows that compared with ordinary farmers, the probability of new business entities owning their own brands is higher, 25% higher than that of ordinary farmers. However, in general, new agricultural business entities have insufficient brand building power, and only two entities have independent brands. become.
Diversified co-governance solves the problem of improving the quality of agricultural products
Moderator: In recent years, the quality of agricultural products has frequently become a hot topic in the society.
What do you think are the reasons that hinder the improvement of the quality of agricultural products?
How should the quality upgrade be promoted in the next step?
Jiang Changyun (Deputy Director and Researcher of the Institute of Industrial Economics and Technological Economics, China Academy of Macroeconomics): Improving the quality of agricultural products has long attracted the attention of Chinese government departments.
The factors hindering the solution of this problem are as follows.
First, the supply of high-quality agricultural products cannot meet demand.
For a long time, my country has taken many measures to improve the quality of agricultural products, and the quality of agricultural products has been continuously improved in general.
However, with the increase in income levels, the society's requirements for the quality of agricultural products have also continued to increase.
In general, there is a gap between the supply and demand of high-quality agricultural products.
Second, the society's requirements for the quality of agricultural products are speeding up differentiation.
The increase in income level will not only drive the society's requirements for the quality of agricultural products to continuously increase, but also lead to the accelerated differentiation of society's requirements for the quality of agricultural products.
The higher the income level, the faster this demand differentiation process tends to be.
Therefore, if we do not pay attention to the research on the trend of the differentiation of social demand and maintain the inherent thinking, it is likely that the route of improving the quality of agricultural products and the trajectory of the differentiation of social demand for agricultural products are not in the same channel, and there will be a misalignment of the supply and demand of agricultural products.
For example, as fresh fruits and processed fruits, the requirements for quality are significantly different.
Thirdly, high quality is difficult to price, which leads to the lack of endogenous motivation to improve the quality of agricultural products.
In order to encourage the improvement of the quality of agricultural products, high-quality agricultural products should be allowed to achieve higher prices, so as to stimulate producers or suppliers to increase the enthusiasm of the supply of high-quality agricultural products.
However, it is often difficult to achieve high-quality agricultural products at high prices, especially for ordinary agricultural products.
The main reason is that my country's agricultural product classification system is underdeveloped, and the production scale of individual farmers' agricultural products is limited, which has aggravated the situation of mixed crops, mixed harvests, and mixed storage of agricultural products, making it difficult to achieve high quality and better prices.
Fourth, the contradiction and synergy between quality and standardization and branding.
In order to effectively improve the quality of agricultural products, many places have taken some practical and effective measures in recent years, and promoting the standardization and branding of agricultural products production is an important measure.
However, the quality, standardization, and branding of agricultural products are often supported by higher inputs and costs.
If the standardization and branding of agricultural products are promoted to achieve high-quality agricultural products, but the prices of agricultural products cannot rise, producers and operators will easily lose their motivation to promote standardization and branding.
In recent years, some places have indeed improved the price competitiveness of agricultural products by promoting the standardization and branding of agricultural products.
However, in many places, villages or cooperatives are used as units to promote the standardization and branding of agricultural products on a small scale. Although the quality of agricultural products has really improved, the brand building is equivalent to a "war of attrition" between each other.
Fifth, many high-quality agricultural products have low recognition.
The quality of agricultural products is not only reflected in appearance, but also in nutrition and flavor.
However, nutrition and flavor are often invisible and intangible, which affects the realization of high quality and high price.
Many high-quality agricultural products have low market entry barriers, and it is difficult for consumers to identify them. It is difficult to effectively distinguish them from fake and inferior products.
Coupled with the low unit prices of many agricultural products, it is difficult to combat counterfeit and shoddy products.
Based on the above reasons, to improve the quality of agricultural products, we must pay attention to classified policies and multiple co-governance.
First, we must not only pay attention to the urgency of improving the quality of agricultural products, but also maintain the necessary historical patience for this, and take a scientific and positive view of the process of improving the quality of agricultural products.
The second is to encourage producers and operators of agricultural products to jointly build regional brands or industrial chain brands through deepening regional cooperation and industrial chain cooperation, enhance brand influence, and promote collaborative interaction and implementation of variety cultivation, quality improvement, brand building, and standardized production. Landing.
The third is to encourage producers and operators of agricultural products to combine packaging, consumer membership or digital means to increase market access barriers or recognition for high-quality agricultural products, and create conditions for promoting high-quality and better prices.
Optimize agricultural supply structure with green development
Moderator: Green is the essence of agriculture, and promoting green development is the only way to optimize the structure of agricultural supply and improve the quality of agricultural products.
How should green agriculture be developed?
Zhao Banghong (Vice President of Hebei Agricultural University): In recent years, the overall level of agricultural green development has been significantly improved, and the effects of environmental governance of agricultural production areas have continued to appear.
However, we should objectively understand the long-term and arduous nature of agricultural green development. At present, there are still some shortcomings in agricultural green development.
First, the policy support system for agricultural green development needs to be improved.
The policy objectives of the green ecology-oriented agricultural support system are complex and require the use of coordination mechanisms of various departments. However, the coordination between various policies is insufficient at present, the accuracy of the policies needs to be strengthened, and the policy tools need to be enriched.
Second, agricultural production concepts and production methods are lagging behind.
The inertial production consciousness and production methods of traditional "overflow irrigation" have resulted in high levels of irrigation water, fertilizers, pesticides and other inputs, and there are still difficulties in the recovery and resource utilization of agricultural waste.
Third, there is a prominent contradiction between the insufficient supply of high-quality and safe green agricultural products and the surplus of conventional agricultural products.
High-quality products cannot reflect high-quality and high-priced products, harm the interests of farmers and consumers, and hinder farmers' income.
Fourth, the scientific and technological innovation system supporting the development of green agriculture is not yet complete.
There are still some "stuck neck" technical problems in key technologies, lack of a sound green technology service system, and a low rate of technology transformation and promotion.
Therefore, we must take the green concept as the guide, encourage all subjects to participate in the green development of agriculture, and promote the development of green transformation of agriculture to a higher level and deeper fields.
Consolidate the institutional foundation for green development.
Promote the innovation of systems and mechanisms, and form a green development system environment with effective incentives and strong restraints.
It is necessary to promote the establishment of a policy system with complete categories, wide coverage, interconnection, and mutual support, so as to form policy synergy, maximize the combined effect and comprehensive effectiveness of policies, innovate policy tools, and strengthen the guidance, incentives and compensation for agricultural green development. And punishment mechanism.
Adhere to the green transformation of production methods.
Continue to promote clean agricultural production, continue to promote the action of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers and the action of zero growth in the use of pesticides, and promote agricultural cost-saving and efficiency-increasing.
Vigorously promote an efficient ecological cycle planting and breeding model, explore the establishment of agricultural waste recycling and resource utilization models, implement large-scale agricultural water-saving projects, build modern irrigation areas, implement soil pollution prevention and control action plans, support soil improvement, and increase soil organic matter.
Strengthen the supporting role of technological innovation.
Increase investment in scientific and technological research and development guided by green agriculture, pay attention to basic agricultural biological research, establish a nationwide collaboration network for germplasm resources, encourage the development of green provenance sources, and encourage agricultural non-point source pollution source control, water-saving irrigation, organic cultivation, etc. Technology research and development in the field, attract social capital to participate in agricultural green technological innovation, guide enterprise breeding collaborative innovation, establish a precise support mechanism for green agricultural science and technology, and accelerate the promotion and transformation of green achievements.
Adhere to the dominant position of the market.
Market-oriented adjustment of planting and breeding structure, development of characteristic and high-quality agricultural products in accordance with local conditions, and expansion of the supply of medium and high-end green organic agricultural products.
Focusing on market demand, do a good job of structural adjustment and quality improvement, strengthen brand building, do a good job in marketing promotion, stimulate the endogenous motivation of various entities, guide the green development of agriculture to a benign and sustainable path, and establish and improve the interests of farmers, cooperatives and enterprises Connection mechanism.
Strengthen government supervision and management.
Governments at all levels should ensure that agricultural products enter the market.
Strengthen top-level design, build a management and control system for the entire industrial chain of green certification, supervision, and service, standardize the supply and application of green production inputs, and waste disposal, enhance the safety awareness of agricultural production and operation entities, do a good job in process monitoring, and build a "from field to “Dinning table” agricultural product quality and safety traceability system.
Purify the market environment for green agricultural products, severely crack down on all kinds of counterfeiting, severely punish illegal and illegal additions, enhance the credibility and authority of certification of green food, organic agricultural products and agricultural geographical indications, and increase the premium ability of high-quality agricultural products.
Digital agriculture helps improve the quality of agricultural products
Moderator: The digital development of agricultural and rural areas is the general trend, and my country has entered a new stage of accelerating the development of digital agricultural and rural areas.
How can we accelerate digital empowerment to promote high-quality agricultural development?
Sun Dongsheng (Deputy Director and Researcher of the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences): Promoting the digital development of agricultural and rural areas is an important measure to promote high-quality agricultural development and to achieve rural revitalization at present and in the future.
Vigorously developing digital agriculture has become an important part of my country's promotion of rural revitalization.
Improving the quality of agricultural products is an important project to prosper agriculture and enrich the people, and the people’s livelihood project. From "not enough to eat" to "satisfaction" to "eating healthy" to "eating happily", the agricultural product market is changing, and the consumption of agricultural products is upgrading. , Both ends of supply and demand have put forward urgent requirements to improve the quality of agricultural products.
To this end, while adhering to the green development of agriculture, we must accelerate the digital development of agriculture and rural areas, and help improve the quality of agricultural products that meet the needs of the market and consumption upgrades.
Digitization is becoming an important driving force for my country's high-quality development, and it also provides a new path for my country to improve the quality of agricultural products.
Digital agricultural technology can realize the conversion of new and old kinetic energy of agricultural development, promote the effective coupling of agricultural element supply and demand, and improve the efficiency of matching the supply and demand of agricultural products.
The application of digital agricultural technology can also increase land yield, labor productivity, and resource utilization, and help improve the quality of agricultural products and the efficiency of agricultural operations.
For example, Tencent customizes exclusive "ID cards" for agricultural products to enhance the value of agricultural products; JD.com builds a digital platform for agricultural product circulation to open up the agricultural industry chain and modern circulation system.
These digital agriculture application scenarios have brought about the all-round optimization and transformation of agriculture, which not only promotes the connection between small farmers and the big market, but also becomes a new path leading the improvement of the quality of agricultural products.
The application of agricultural digital technology helps to achieve high-quality agricultural products at high prices.
Through the means of big data, create a digital characteristic agricultural production system, a green agricultural characteristic industrial system, an agricultural management system, and an agricultural service system.
Through the integrated application of modern information technology, the establishment of a digital and intelligent monitoring service system for agricultural product quality can effectively improve the convenience of digital traceability management of agricultural production and agricultural product circulation, highlighting the agricultural products that have certificates of conformity, traceability codes, and "three products and one standard". Quality assurance, promote the improvement of the quality of agricultural products through the market mechanism of high-quality agricultural products at competitive prices.
The development of digital agriculture must be market-oriented.
Guided by market and consumer demand, accelerate the advancement of industrial digitization, agricultural product digitization, transaction digitization, supply chain digitization, and supervision digitization in the fields of plantation, animal husbandry, fishery, and agro-product processing industries, so as to enhance the digital agricultural productivity and accelerate the development of agriculture. With new kinetic energy, we will comprehensively improve the level of development of green, high-quality, distinctive, and brand-based agriculture.
The development of digital agriculture requires the formation of a joint force from the whole society.
Governments, enterprises, and farmers must accelerate their adaptation to the digitalization of agriculture, accelerate the digitalization of agricultural production, circulation, and consumption, and narrow the agricultural and rural digital divide.
It is necessary to take agricultural and rural digitalization as the main line of development, build a basic data resource system for agricultural digitalization, accelerate the digital transformation of agricultural and rural production, operation, and management services, and use digitalization to deepen agricultural supply-side structural reforms to provide strong support for the overall revitalization of rural areas.
The development of digital agriculture must be based on my country's agricultural and rural realities and the development needs of the agricultural real economy.
The relationship between agricultural digitalization and the agricultural real economy is the relationship between skin and wool. The development of agricultural real economy requires the help of agricultural digital empowerment, but without the real economy's commodity production and service provision, there is no digital foundation.
At the same time, the development of digital agriculture must adhere to the problem-oriented approach, aiming at the outstanding problems that restrict the quality of agricultural products, and implement risk detection, online discovery, offline inspection, cross-domain investigation, and punishment in place, realize online and offline integrated supervision, and help improve the quality of agricultural products. .