The peak of the acquisition has passed, and the management of autumn
grains
is at the right time-
Hebei
Xialiang's
safe bagging
Our reporter Chen Fa-fa
This year, my country has another bumper harvest of summer grain, achieving "18 consecutive harvests."
In Hebei, a major grain-producing province, there has been a gratifying situation of "three increases" in summer grain sown area, average yield per mu, and total output.
Statistics show that the sown area of summer grain in Hebei province this year was 34.062 million mu, an increase of 415,000 mu over the previous year; the average yield per mu was 435.3 kg, an increase of 3.2 kg over the previous year, and the unit yield hit a record high; the total output was 14.827 million tons, a year-on-year increase. An increase of 288,000 tons last year.
The harvest is hard to come by.
Recently, the reporter walked into the fields to explore the reasons behind the "three increases" of Hebei summer grain.
Good harvest is hard to come by
The wheat harvest is afraid of continuous rain, which not only delays the farming time, but also causes wheat ears to germinate, which affects the quality of food.
Before the summer harvest this year, Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province had encountered rainy weather, but Wang Yongchang, a large grain grower in Beiying Village, Lianzhou Town, was not worried.
"I planted the'Gaoyou' series of strong gluten wheat varieties, which have very good anti-sprouting effects." Wang Yongchang told reporters that he planted 800 acres of wheat through land transfer, and the yield per acre this year increased by 100 jin compared with last year. "This is me. Since 2014, we have had the best harvest since the transfer of land to grow wheat."
How can we achieve an extra 100 catties per mu?
"Heaven helps, and people work hard." Wang Yongchang told reporters that in addition to good seeds, this year's climate conditions are also good, with large temperature differences, there is no hot and dry wind before the wheat harvest, and the wheat grains are full.
"There are good seeds and good weather, but also good management. Early field management is done carefully and the whole process is mechanized, which not only saves labor, but also improves the management level."
Gaocheng District has been awarded the title of "National Advanced County in Grain Production" 11 times, and is a national demonstration county for the establishment of green, high-quality and high-efficiency wheat.
This year, the region’s wheat planting area is 499,000 mu, of which strong gluten wheat varieties account for more than 90%.
"Our'Gaoyou' series of strong gluten wheat varieties not only have the characteristics of high yield, high quality, resistance to ear germination, etc., but also reach the second-level drought resistance standard. The water-saving effect is very obvious, and the price is also higher than that of ordinary wheat. Money." Yang Haichuan, director of Gaocheng District Agricultural Science Institute, told reporters that the dormancy period of "Gaoyou" series strong gluten wheat seeds reaches 70 days, reaching the international advanced level, so short-term rainy weather before wheat harvest will not cause ears to germinate.
Gaocheng Agricultural Science Institute is one of the few county-level agricultural science institutes in the country.
Since the 1980s, the institute has insisted on independent innovation and has successively cultivated and approved 9 strong gluten wheat varieties, filling the gaps in domestic high-quality strong gluten wheat research and breeding, and breaking the long-term monopoly of foreign varieties in the high-quality strong gluten wheat market in my country.
At present, the total promotion area of "Gaoyou" strong gluten wheat in the Hebei, Shandong and Henan regions has reached more than 80 million mu.
The reporter learned from the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Hebei Province that the area of high-quality strong gluten wheat in the province has grown to 4.56 million mu this year, an increase of 510,000 mu over the previous year.
At the same time, Hebei coordinated to promote grain stabilization and water conservation, promoted 50 drought-resistant and water-saving wheat varieties, added 1.38 million mu of water-saving wheat varieties and supporting technologies, reaching 33 million mu in total, realizing full coverage of the planting area.
Storing grains in technologically productive grains
The summer grain harvest has been returned to the warehouse, and the autumn grain management is at the right time.
When the reporter met Cheng Zhijie, chairman of the Science and Technology Association of Ningjin County, Xingtai City, he was checking the progress of topdressing management in a corn field in Jiajiakou Township in the county.
"Recently, it is the'big bell mouth period' of summer corn growth, and it is also the most critical top dressing period, which determines the final growth state of the corn on the cob." Looking at the maize growing in the field, Cheng Zhijie said with a smile: "Here. I can’t see the fertilization process, because all of it is operated through a landfill drip irrigation belt integrated with water and fertilizer.”
Cheng Zhijie took the reporter to the yard of the Longhang Land Trusteeship Association of Ningjin County. From a distance, he saw the eight characters "You go to work and I will farm" written on the wall.
In 2012, in order to better promote agricultural science and technology, Cheng Zhijie led the association. At present, it has formed a trusteeship area of 29,000 mu, covering 96 villages in 18 towns in Ningjin County.
In Cheng Zhijie's view, a moderately large-scale operation of land is more conducive to the implementation of the strategy of "having grain in technology".
"Through the promotion of the three technologies, the average yield of wheat can be increased by about 100 catties per mu, and the yield of corn can be increased by 150 catties to 200 catties." ".
There is a fertilizing station in the yard of the Land Trusteeship Association of the Ridge. In ten days, it will start to fertilize the winter wheat planting this year.
"Soil testing and formula fertilization can provide precise fertilizer for farmland, and make up for what is lacking." Cheng Zhijie introduced that the utilization rate of field fertilizer is only 60%. The integration of water and fertilizer can increase the fertilizer utilization rate to 90%, and the watering efficiency can be improved. 30%.
Using unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out plant protection on the fly, under the premise of ensuring the effect of field pest control, the efficiency is 60 times that of manual labor, and the use of pesticides in the same area can also be reduced by 10%.
Since the beginning of this year, Hebei has broken down the state’s grain production indicators to cities and counties, and implemented them on plots. It has organized 5,620 service teams into villages to carry out agricultural technology services.
At the same time, encourage the priority transfer of arable land to the main body engaged in grain production and operation, and strengthen the cultivation of new business entities and production trust services. The number of socialized service organizations for agricultural production in the province has grown to 30,600, and the service area has reached 210 million mu, serving food crops. The area accounts for about 80%.
According to the agricultural situation, the sown area of autumn grain in Hebei Province this year is 62.288 million mu, an increase of 104,000 mu over the previous year.
Among them, the corn planting area was 51.363 million mu, an increase of 106,000 mu over the previous year.
It is estimated that the annual grain sown area is 96.35 million mu, an increase of 518,000 mu over the previous year, laying a solid foundation for the completion of the annual grain production goals and tasks.
Store assured food scientifically
In this year's "three summer" operations, Hebei Province organized and transported 2 million agricultural machinery for summer harvesting and summer seeding operations. The wheat harvest rate reached 99.7%, a record high.
"We fully implement the "one-stop" technology model of harvesting, soil preparation, and sowing, and carry out hosting, ordering, and leasing services to ensure that summer grain particles are returned to the warehouse." Li Lianxi, the second-level inspector of the Hebei Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced through the production and distribution system. The mechanical harvest reduction work plan, the transformation and promotion of new machines with low loss rate, and the development of mechanical harvest reduction skills competitions. This summer, the province’s wheat harvest reduced an average of 4.33 kilograms per mu.
What is the price of food after the harvest?
How to purchase and store?
In early August, when the reporter came to the National Grain Reserve Depot in Baixiang, Hebei Province, because the purchase of summer grain had already started for more than two months, the peak of farmers' concentrated grain sales had passed, and there were not many vehicles coming to sell grain.
"The opening price of first-class wheat this year is 1.27 yuan, which is higher than this year's minimum purchase price of 0.10 yuan per catty." Shang Jinsuo, director of the Baixiang National Grain Reserve, told reporters that this year is a bumper year and the price is higher than last year. The enthusiasm for selling grain is very high. "Our grain depot plans to purchase 300 million catties of summer grain this year. We have already purchased 240 million catties and will basically be completed by the end of August."
Shang Jinsuo analyzed that the increase in corn prices has driven the price of wheat this year to be higher than last year.
"High yield and increased income are good for the country and farmers." Shang Jinsuo said that if the market price of wheat is lower than the national minimum purchase price level, it means that the country will initiate a plan for implementing the minimum purchase price of wheat to protect the interests of grain farmers. "This year's wheat production is high and the market price is also high, which has well protected farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain."
In order to allow the masses to eat food with peace of mind, Shang Jinsuo is experimenting with wheat preservation technology.
From the outdoor high temperature of more than 30 degrees Celsius, into the Baixiang Grain Depot wheat preservation test warehouse, a chill makes people feel like walking into an air-conditioned room.
"This is to improve the insulation and airtight performance of the warehouse through transformation, use the local four seasons, cold winter climatic conditions, through cold storage, cold storage, cold stabilization and other operations, create a low temperature and dry environment in the granary, and then realize the fresh storage of wheat. Shang Jinsuo said that his goal is to keep the wheat in a fresh state in five years.
Shang Jinsuo also has an identity as Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of the China Grain Industry Association. He also pays attention to the production and sales of grains nationwide.
"From the perspective of this year's grain production, sales, and reserves, our grain output and quality are all right."
Our reporter Chen Faming
Our reporter Chen Faming