Such cultivation of high-quality manufacturing enterprises (policy interpretation)
On August 21, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the third batch of 2,930 specialized and new "little giant" enterprises. Up to now, the number of "little giant" enterprises in my country has reached 4,762.
As a leader among small and medium-sized enterprises, "little giant" enterprises play a key linking role in promoting small and medium-sized enterprises from small to large, from large to strong, and from strong to excellent.
Not long ago, six departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of High-Quality Manufacturing Enterprises" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions") to further clarify the direction and measures.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, we will cultivate a million innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, 100,000 provincial-level "specialized special new" enterprises, 10,000 specialized special new "little giant" enterprises and 1,000 "single champion" enterprises .
Strive to achieve the basic formation of a gradient cultivation pattern by 2025, better promote the advancement of the industrial base, modernize the industrial chain, and help the real economy move towards high-quality development.
The reporter interviewed relevant persons in charge and relevant experts of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
High-quality companies are growing fast, but the overall scale is small
"Enterprises regardless of size, as long as they have strong innovation capabilities, high quality and efficiency, and play a unique role in the manufacturing infrastructure and industrial chain, are all high-quality manufacturing enterprises." said the relevant person in charge of the Department of Industrial Policy and Regulations of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a number of high-quality enterprises have grown rapidly and have come to the fore.
From a global perspective, in 2020, 133 Chinese companies will enter the Fortune Global 500 list, ranking first in the world.
From a domestic perspective, the entry threshold for my country's top 500 manufacturing companies will be raised to 10 billion yuan in 2020, an increase of 56% from the 6.4 billion yuan in 2012.
Gong Tianxiao, deputy director of the Institute of Informatization and Industrialization of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, believes that high-quality manufacturing enterprises generally focus on the main industry and have outstanding performance in terms of comprehensive strength and industrial chain driving. They mainly exhibit four characteristics: first, outstanding innovation capabilities. The average R&D intensity of the single champion enterprises in the manufacturing industry has reached 5%, which is 5 times the average level of the nationally regulated industrial enterprises.
The second is outstanding quality and benefit advantages.
The average main business income growth rate of the single champion enterprises in the past three years is 24.7%, and the sales profit rate is 11.1%, which is much higher than the average level of the manufacturing industry.
The third is a relatively high degree of internationalization.
The export value of the main products of the single champion enterprises accounted for nearly 30% of the main business income.
Fourth, the synergistic improvement of the industrial chain is obvious.
In recent years, the quantity and quality of my country's high-quality enterprises have increased, and some frontier directions have begun to enter the stage of "parallel running" and "leading". However, compared with building a manufacturing power and upgrading the modernization level of the industrial chain and supply chain, there is still much room for improvement.
In terms of quantity, there are still relatively few high-quality enterprises.
Ma Yuan, a researcher at the Enterprise Research Institute of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said that since 2016, my country has successively cultivated 5 batches of single champion enterprises and 3 batches of 4762 "little giant" enterprises. The cultivation of leading enterprises has just started and it is difficult to support the high-quality development of manufacturing.
In terms of quality, the level of high-quality enterprises is still not high enough.
In terms of innovation capabilities, Ma Yuan said that among the top 2500 global innovation companies in 2019, the average R&D intensity of Chinese companies was 3.29%.
"The average life expectancy of large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises in my country is 7-8 years and 2.5 years respectively." Gong Tianxiao said.
Guan Bing, director of the Institute of Industrial Economics of CCID Research Institute, said that the release of the "Opinions" will cultivate a group of high-quality enterprises with international competitiveness and help them gain a firm foothold in the global industrial chain supply chain. Reshape competitive advantage.
Gong Tianxiao believes that the "Opinions" will help enterprises to further clarify the direction of development, and continue to become stronger and larger in subdivisions toward "specialization, specialization and newness", which will help ensure the safety and stability of my country's industrial supply chain in the long run.
First proposed to build a gradient cultivation pattern
The "Opinions" proposed for the first time the establishment of a gradient cultivation pattern to promote various types of enterprises from small to large, from weak to strong, and to promote improvement, and strive to form a gradient cultivation pattern by 2025, and develop into thousands of "little giant" enterprises and thousands of individual projects. Champion enterprises and a group of leading enterprises in the industrial chain.
Ma Yuan said that companies at different growth stages encounter different development bottlenecks and difficulties. The development of echelon cultivation is conducive to classification, precise policy implementation, and more targeted policy supply.
"Industrial competition is not only the competition of leading enterprises, but also the competition of the coordinated development of large and medium-sized enterprises; it is not simply product competition, but the competition behind the industrial chain supply chain, which is the strength of enterprises in different links of the industrial chain supply chain. Competition.” In Guan Bing’s view, upstream and downstream companies focus on their main businesses, provide different parts or accessories, and coordinate and work closely with each other to ensure that there is no disconnection.
Gradient cultivation helps to better organize the supply chain and enhance the independent controllability of the industrial chain supply chain.
"Building a pattern of gradient cultivation of high-quality enterprises will help to give full play to the ecological leading power of large enterprises in technology, standards, and markets, and promote the formation of unique advantages and industrial status of small and medium-sized enterprises in their respective product fields, and realize the integration and development of large and small-sized enterprises. A new pattern that complements each other and strengthens together.” Ma Yuan believes that in the gradient cultivation, several key points need to be grasped-
Focus on cultivating corporate innovation capabilities.
While promoting enterprise technology and product innovation with marketization as the orientation, we must also pay attention to the support of key elements and resources required for enterprise innovation, and give more space in terms of funds and talents.
Focus on precise implementation of the industrial chain.
Each company has different pain points and bottlenecks. It is necessary to sort out outstanding problems in different categories, systematically sort out outstanding problems, and jointly break through and overcome the government and enterprises.
At the same time, high-quality enterprises in different links of the industrial chain have their own advantages and shortcomings.
It is necessary to build a strong foothold and consolidate advantages in areas, but also to make up for shortcomings, strengthen the chain to supplement the chain, and enhance the independent controllability of the industrial chain.
Stick to problem orientation and focus on key industrial chains
"Relying on high-quality enterprises to form innovation consortia or technological innovation strategic alliances", "support leading companies to integrate industrial chain resources, and unite with small and medium-sized enterprises to build advanced manufacturing clusters", "encourage high-quality enterprises to deploy R&D and design centers around the world, and effectively connect and utilize global resources" … Experts believe that the "Opinions" measures are comprehensive and highly targeted, which better respond to the development demands of current manufacturing enterprises and help enterprises become stronger, better and bigger.
How to transform the practical measures into the real feelings of the enterprise?
Experts suggest that in practice, we should pay attention to three aspects to better promote the implementation of policies-
Identify the government's positioning.
"Relevant departments in various regions should grasp the laws of market economy and enterprise growth, and work hard in planting soil, optimizing the environment, and providing good services." Gong Tianxiao believes that relevant departments should avoid direct interference in the production and operation activities and resources of specific industries or enterprises. The allocation of elements to prevent the emergence of fragility and so on.
Focus on key industrial chains.
"There are a large number of manufacturing companies in my country, and the number of high-quality companies included in the cultivation echelon is limited." Ma Yuan suggested that priority should be given to key industries, especially in areas that are related to national strategy and national economy and people’s livelihood, and have a long industrial chain and significant demonstration effects. Carry out the creation and cultivation of leading enterprises, give full play to the demonstration role based on the pilot work of high-quality enterprise cultivation, organize training and exchange of experience, and stimulate the development atmosphere of striving for excellence.
Stick to problem orientation.
In the context of an increasingly complex international environment, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and an accelerated evolution of industrial changes, and the widespread and far-reaching impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the cultivation and development of high-quality enterprises are facing new situations and new problems.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology stated that it is necessary to strengthen the tracking and monitoring of new developments and new problems of the enterprise, innovate policy tools and service methods, and implement precise policies and provide efficient services to the outstanding bottlenecks that restrict the development of enterprises.
Our reporter Han Xin