Solve the problem of low yield and low efficiency in agriculture, here to turn the farm into a smart factory
Our reporter Guo Guozhong
Rural Revitalization Series Report
The high-yield and high-quality rice and wheat are inseparable from the support of advanced agricultural equipment and technology.
Accelerating the research and development of intelligent agricultural machinery in my country is not only the need of the times for the modernization of agricultural and rural development, but also the development requirement for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.
Zhang Ruihong
Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University
"Implementing the strategy of rural revitalization is a systematic project. Years of practice tells us that to achieve high yield and high efficiency in agriculture, it is not by'calling out' it, but through innovation in agricultural technology to increase the number of high-quality technical talents in modern agriculture. Cultivation, accelerate the integration and integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, effectively transform the agricultural planting and breeding mode, comprehensively improve agricultural production efficiency, reduce production costs, ensure high efficiency and high yield, and ultimately achieve the goal of greatly improving the efficiency of grain planting." Agriculture and Rural Areas of Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province Ji Huaming, secretary of the party committee of the bureau, said.
A reporter from Science and Technology Daily saw in an interview at the Kunshan Agricultural Demonstration Base recently that this is no longer the traditional agricultural operation method in the past, but the application of automatic rice seedling raising, drone spraying pesticides, drone transplanting, and Internet of Things monitoring. Presenting a new format of modern agriculture.
It is understood that as of 2020, the city's agricultural mechanization level has reached 95.3%, of which the comprehensive mechanization rate of main crops cultivation and harvesting has reached 98.5%.
At present, Kunshan has been recognized as the second batch of demonstration counties in the country that have basically achieved the full mechanization of the production of major crops, and the first batch of demonstration counties in Jiangsu Province to promote the overall mechanization of grain production.
Develop modern agriculture like a smart factory
South Jiangsu, which is close to rivers and lakes, used to be a "land of fish and rice."
However, with the continuous advancement of urbanization and the continuous development of industry and commerce, the land here now has a serious shortage of labor, large-scale agriculture, industrialization, standardization, low levels of mechanization, and short industrial chains. The added value of agricultural products is still not high and many other development bottlenecks.
How to break through?
In recent years, Kunshan City has taken the lead in basically realizing agricultural and rural modernization as its goal, strengthened top-level planning and design, scientifically, rationally and efficiently used arable land resources, accelerated the transformation and upgrading of intelligent and digital agriculture, and effectively solved the development problem of low yield, low quality and low efficiency in agricultural production. .
Develop modern agriculture like a smart factory.
The seedling raising center of the high-standard grain and oil production base in Bacheng Town, Kunshan City, from the soaking and dehydration of the seed preparation stage, to the seeding, soiling, watering, sowing, and soil covering, to the automatic pallet and stacking of the seedling stage. The whole process of darkening, transportation, water and fertilizer management, etc. during the seedling cultivation and greening stage are all mechanized and intelligently managed.
"In response to the deficiencies and shortcomings in agricultural production, we invested 9 million yuan to build a concentrated rice seedling raising center and introduced a modern seedling raising assembly line to truly realize the intensive, large-scale, automated, and efficient management of rice seedling raising." Bacheng Town The relevant person in charge of the high-standard grain and oil production base said that compared with the traditional methods of raising seedlings in the past, not only the quality of seedlings has been improved, but also the space has been saved, and the work efficiency has more than doubled.
At present, the city has also built 26 grain production areas drying centers, built and listed one provincial-level grain production "full mechanization + comprehensive farming" service center, and declared for the construction of Suzhou municipal grain production "full mechanization + comprehensive farming" service center 8 locations.
By 2022, 15 municipal-level food production "full mechanization + comprehensive farming" service centers in Suzhou will also be built.
In the words of Professor Zhang Ruihong from the School of Mechanical Engineering of Yangzhou University, “The high-yield and high-quality rice and wheat are inseparable from the support of advanced agricultural equipment and technology. Accelerating the research and development of intelligent agricultural machinery in my country is not only the need of the modern development of agriculture and rural areas, but also the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization. Development requirements".
Smart agriculture polishes Yangcheng Lake hairy crab brand
Bacheng Town, Kunshan City is known as the "Hometown of Hairy Crabs in Yangcheng Lake, China".
Facing the pressure of environmental resources, how to improve the water environment of Yangcheng Lake and polish the agricultural brand of Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs?
Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", the city has focused on planning and developing 30,000 acres of Kunshan Yangcheng Lake Hairy Crab Industrial Park in the implementation of rural revitalization, promoting the development of the city's aquaculture industry towards ecological, large-scale, and standardized development, and improving the quality, output and market competitiveness of hairy crabs. .
"We insist on meeting the standards of aquaculture tail water, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, with ecological and efficient aquaculture as the characteristics, large-scale and intensive management and high-tech, high-input, high-output operation mode, and do our best Create a fishery demonstration base with scientific planning and design, distinctive industrial characteristics, high technological content, advanced materials and equipment, flexible operating machines, and significant comprehensive benefits." said the person in charge of the Kunshan Yangcheng Lake Hairy Crab Industrial Park Management Committee.
The reporter saw in the Yangcheng Lake Hairy Crab Industrial Park that ponds, ditches, wetlands, and rivers have been planted with aquatic plants, a smart agricultural platform has been built, water quality online analysis sampling points have been established, and water quality can be automatically monitored in real time for 24 hours, and a recirculating aquaculture pattern has been realized. .
"The smart agriculture platform we have established has established 19 categories of 186 items of 2000 individual data standards, and uses Internet of Things technology. Farmers can remotely monitor the water quality environment of shrimps and crabs in real time, and enjoy remote fish disease consultation services to improve the quality of hairy crabs. And production have been guaranteed.” said the relevant scientific and technical personnel of Yangcheng Lake Hairy Crab Industrial Park.
In recent years, Bacheng towns have promoted the transformation of agricultural production and operation methods through the application of new technologies and new equipment, promoted the standardization of breeding, ecological products, and sales branding in the agricultural breeding industry. Bacheng grapes and Bacheng rice have also been newly cultivated. And other well-known agricultural products brands in the province have effectively promoted rural employment and farmers' wealth.
Today, relying on these market-competitive agricultural and sideline products and the beautiful ecological environment of Yangcheng Lake, the annual output value of hairy crabs exceeds 3 billion yuan and the annual number of tourists exceeds 3 million.
Let new professional farmers become an important force for rural revitalization
In the eyes of the relevant leaders of the Kunshan Agriculture and Rural Bureau, agricultural production is no longer relying on experience and relying on the sky, but relying on science and technology.
Therefore, to fully implement the rural revitalization strategy, the key to the modernization of agricultural and rural areas lies in talents, and we must accelerate the establishment of a new type of farmer team that can meet the needs of agricultural and rural modernization development.
How to cultivate?
“Based on the two national pilot projects of cultivating new professional farmers and exploring the establishment of a new professional farmer system, we have continuously strengthened system construction, increased funding, introduced assistance and reward policies, and built a carrier platform. So far, we have cultivated high-quality farmers. More than 7,256 person-times and 1,377 high-quality farmers were recognized." Said Zhai Chaoqun, director of Kunshan Vocational Farmer Cultivation and Guidance Station.
In 2017, Kunshan took the lead in setting up a professional farmer training and guidance station based on actual conditions, focusing on the development of new professional farmers, issuing new professional farmers’ social insurance subsidies, and formulated the "Kunshan City New Professional Farmers Code" for the first time in the country. Support the "three rural" work teams who understand agriculture, love the countryside and love farmers, and provide powerful talent support for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.
In the past three years, Kunshan has cooperated with domestic colleges and universities through industry-university-research cooperation to organize college and undergraduate higher education for farmers. The local government pays the bill and strives to train farmers into college students, forming a group of "experts" and "capable people" that cannot be taken away. Agricultural production management and operation team.
Yao Kewei, who used to be engaged in grain and oil production, has successively participated in the training of young farmers in Jiangsu Province, the training of new vocational farmers in Kunshan, and the training of agricultural and rural entrepreneurship and innovation in Kunshan in recent years.
In 2018, he also signed up to participate in a new type of professional farmer undergraduate education jointly organized by Kunshan Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau and Nanjing Agricultural University.
Through various trainings for "charging" and systematic learning, Yao Kewei, under the guidance of experts from the Shanghai Cantaloupe Research Institute, not only realized the planning and planting of cantaloupe, but also created a "Kunyi Farm" online marketing platform, and Radio Lane hot pot restaurant-enterprise cooperation. Sales model.
Now, "Yaohaha" cantaloupe is in short supply due to its excellent quality.
In 2020, the company's average output value per mu is nearly 40,000 yuan, and the average net benefit per mu exceeds 20,000 yuan.
According to the person in charge of the relevant department of the Kunshan Municipal Agriculture and Rural Bureau, by the end of 2022, the city will also cultivate 1,800 new-type professional farmers and accumulate 1,500 new-type professional farmers, and basically build a professional level that meets the needs of the modern agricultural industry. , A new type of professional farmer team with reasonable age structure, leading and practical skills, and clear fields of employment.
It is worth mentioning that Kunshan continues to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of digital agriculture and accelerate the training of new professional farmers, and a large number of rural wealth leaders have emerged to promote the modernization of agricultural and rural development.
At present, the city has built 1 provincial agricultural e-commerce demonstration township, 2 digital agricultural rural bases, 2 smart agriculture demonstration units, and 9 Suzhou smart agriculture demonstration bases, and is applying for a national agricultural informatization demonstration base.
"In the next step, we will further strengthen policy support, guide talent resources to gather priority in rural areas, improve rural talent work systems and mechanisms, strengthen talent revitalization guarantee measures, create a core force that leads new-type professional farmers in innovation and entrepreneurship, and guide farmers to understand The transformation of "capable people" who understand R&D, technology, and management will realize the normalization, scientific and high-efficiency of agricultural production, promote the comprehensive transformation and upgrading of agriculture and high-quality development, and continuously improve farmers' sense of gain, happiness, and security. "Ji Huaming said.