Opening up to a high level and upgrading the industrial chain requires the future
——A new stage for high-quality development in the central region (part 2)
The "14th Five-Year Plan" and the 2035 long-term goal outline proposed that efforts should be made to build important advanced manufacturing bases, improve independent innovation capabilities in key areas, build open highlands in inland areas, consolidate the pattern of ecological green development, and promote the accelerated rise of the central region.
In 2021, the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the High-quality Development of the Central Region in the New Era" was released, and the "Rise of Central China" has once again become the focus.
As a key area for a new round of industrialization, urbanization, informatization, and agricultural modernization, how can the central region find a precise position and use it precisely?
The think tank round table invited five experts to put forward countermeasures and suggestions.
Guests of this issue
Bai Jinfu, Former Deputy Director of the Economic Bureau of the Central Policy Research Office
Xiao Jincheng, Chairman of the China Regional Science Association
Chen Yao, Vice President and Secretary-General of China Regional Economic Association
Zhou Yiren, Secretary-General of the Academic Committee of the National Information Center, Executive Dean of the China Regional Development Research Institute
Sun Jiuwen, professor of Renmin University of China and member of China Regional Economic Forum 50
host
Sun Shifang, Member of the Editorial Board of Economic Daily and Dean of China Institute of Economic Trends
Rapid growth requires more quality and efficiency
Moderator: In the new development stage, what is the general idea of promoting the rise of Central China?
Xiao Jincheng: The central region connects east and west, connects south to north, and is in the position of a transportation hub. In the past, the central region was considered to be inland and opening to the outside world was not dominant. Now this location disadvantage is changing.
my country is advancing the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and stepping up its efforts to open up to the west. With the help of the Yangtze River Golden Waterway and the New Eurasian Land Bridge, the central region has the advantage of two-way opening up.
The three provinces of Hubei, Hunan, and Henan are located on the Beijing-Guangzhou transportation line, and will definitely focus their efforts during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.
Anhui has been included in the Yangtze River Delta Economic Belt, Jiangxi connects with the Yangtze River Delta to the east and integrates into the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to the south. Shanxi is closely connected with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and will also be integrated into the Bohai Rim Economic Zone in the future.
The provinces have a sound development foundation, and in the next step in the process of high-quality development, it is necessary to improve quality and efficiency while growing rapidly.
One is to upgrade the industrial structure.
With the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the industrial structure will also change. Compared with the whole country, the central region has a larger proportion of primary industry, and the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries needs to be increased. Industrial structure optimization will bring about efficiency improvements. So as to achieve high-quality development.
The second is to develop high-quality cities.
At present, with the exception of Wuhan, most of the provincial capital cities in the central region are small, but the primacy degree is relatively high, indicating that the cities outside the provincial capital are relatively small, and they must coordinate with the provincial capital cities. The development of regional central cities is the high-quality development of the central region. The essential.
In addition, although the scale of cities in the central region is not large, they are large in number, and have formed the Central Plains urban agglomeration, the Yangtze River midstream urban agglomeration, the Jianghuai urban agglomeration, and the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration. As the scale of the city expands, the urban functions will also be strengthened. , The quality has been improved, thus driving the development of surrounding areas.
The third is to promote rural revitalization and achieve high-quality agricultural development.
Many counties in the central region are dominated by agriculture, with large populations, small per capita land and low per capita income.
As the level of urbanization increases and the population moves to cities, the income of the people who stay in the countryside will also increase significantly.
Bai Jinfu: The rise of Central China must implement new development concepts, adhere to collaborative thinking, promote deep integration, and achieve shared development.
It is necessary to strengthen the integrated development of the market in the central region in the construction of a new development pattern, build a domestic and international dual-cycle economic system and mechanism, and better play the role of connecting the south to the north and connecting the east to the west.
Promote the coordinated development of the eastern, central and western regions from a new starting point, promote the rational layout and continuous optimization of the regional industrial chain, and promote the orderly transfer of industries in the country.
At the same time, it is necessary to deeply integrate into the country's major regional strategies, urban agglomerations, and metropolitan areas, strengthen integrated development, and improve the level of coordinated development.
Chen Yao: To promote the high-quality development of the central region, we need to focus on the construction of the "three major systems" and the optimization of the spatial layout.
First, speed up the construction of the "three major systems" in the central region and upgrade the modernization level of the industrial chain and supply chain.
One is to focus on building a modern industrial system supported by advanced manufacturing.
The central region has a solid industrial foundation, a relatively complete industrial system, and strong industrial supporting capabilities, but most of them are at the low-end level.
Supported by advanced manufacturing, advance the advanced industrial base, modernize the industrial chain, improve quality, efficiency and core competitiveness, and use strategic emerging industries as the lead to promote industrial clustering, digitization and ecologicalization, and improve technology and management capabilities .
The central region should give full play to its scientific and technological advantages in key areas such as equipment manufacturing, electronic information, and energy materials, relying on the self-created areas and high-tech zones of the central country to carry out basic cutting-edge, key commonality and strategic high-tech research and innovation in the manufacturing industry, and choose traditional superior manufacturing industries. The key industries, high-end products, and key links in China will be transformed into digital and intelligent technologies to promote the expansion to the high end of the value chain and build a number of influential manufacturing innovation centers across the country.
The second is to accelerate the construction of a modern infrastructure system.
The central location conditions in the central region make it more comprehensive, critical and urgent to accelerate the construction of modern transportation, energy, science and technology, water conservancy, information, urban and rural public facilities and other infrastructure.
It is necessary to make overall plans to create facilities that meet the requirements of high-quality development.
Construct modern comprehensive transportation centers in central cities such as Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Hefei, and Changsha, and comprehensively improve the level of interconnection in the central region and its status as a hub in the country; construct UHV and heavy-duty channels for "Western Energy Transmission" and optimize thermal coal Production and transportation layout, accelerate the construction of oil and gas pipeline networks and reserve projects, and provide sufficient energy guarantee for promoting high-quality development and high-quality life; accelerate the construction of 5G mobile communications, big data centers, etc., and strive to deploy more large scientific devices. Technological innovation and advanced manufacturing provide a high-level basic research platform.
The third is to accelerate the construction of a modern circulation system.
Grasp the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, give full play to and strengthen the configuration function of the central transportation and logistics hub, and strive to break through the congestion points, connect the break points, and clear the pain points.
It is necessary to improve the modern commerce circulation system, cultivate a group of modern circulation enterprises with global competitiveness, transform and upgrade the commerce circulation facilities related to residents' daily life, and accelerate the construction of important product traceability systems and financial facilities such as payment and settlement.
In particular, it is necessary to improve the cargo and international air cargo capacity of the central high-speed rail, and focus on building Zhengzhou and Wuhan international logistics centers to give full play to their radiating and leading role in the central region.
Second, optimize the spatial layout of the central region and lead high-quality development with "two clusters, two circles and one corridor".
The so-called "two clusters" refer to the urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Central Plains urban agglomeration, the "two circles" refer to the Hefei metropolitan area and the Taiyuan metropolitan area, and the "one corridor" refers to the "Zhengluoxi Science and Technology Innovation Corridor".
Central cities, metropolitan areas and urban agglomerations are urbanized areas where high-quality and high-end elements gather. They are not only the promoters of the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, but also the leaders of regional high-quality development.
For the central region, it is recommended that the “two clusters, two circles and one corridor” be the focus of high-quality development. Among them, the “City Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River” is the Wuhan city circle, the city group around Changsha-Zhutan, and the city group around Poyang Lake. The super-large urban agglomeration formed as the main body covers 31 cities in the three central provinces, covering an area of approximately 326,100 square kilometers.
In 2020, the total population of the three provinces is 175 million, and the regional GDP is about 10 trillion yuan, which is an important force in the rise of Central China.
The Central Plains urban agglomeration, with Henan as the main body, extends to the surrounding areas, covering 30 prefecture-level cities in 5 provinces, covering an area of 287,000 square kilometers and a total population of 160 million. It is striving to create a new growth pole for China’s economic development, an important advanced manufacturing industry and modern service industry. The base, the innovation and entrepreneurship pioneer area in the central and western regions, the two-way opening of new highlands and the green ecological development demonstration area in the inland areas.
From the inland economy to the open frontier
Moderator: Facing the current opportunities of accelerating the development of regional integration and accelerating the construction of inland open highlands, how can the central region give full play to its own comparative advantages and resource advantages?
Zhou Yiren: In the context of the slowdown of global economic growth, the reshaping of competitive advantages, the reconstruction of economic and trade rules, and the reconstruction of power structure, my country's regional economic development pattern may have new changes.
In my country, the economic development has been improving for a long time, regional development has gradually moved from the east to the multi-polar support, the open development pattern has expanded from the coast to the inland and the border, the focus of regional economic development has been continuously shifting to urban agglomerations, and central cities and urban agglomerations are becoming bearers. Under the background of the main spatial forms of development factors, the central region will usher in major development opportunities and is expected to move towards the forefront of opening up.
The central region should comply with the new requirements of the new era, find a precise positioning, give full play to its advantages, actively integrate into the major national and regional strategies, strengthen the integration and interaction between cities within the urban agglomeration, and complement each other, with comprehensive deepening of reform and innovation as the driving force, and promote the improvement of development cooperation and mutual benefit An integrated development mechanism for win-win, co-construction and sharing, and actively explore new paths and models for scientific development, harmonious development, transformational development, and cooperative development, to create a new highland for inland opening and cooperation, and an important base and expansion for improving the level of the industrial chain supply chain The important hinterland of the inland market has promoted the comprehensive strength and competitiveness of the central region to a new level, creating a new situation for all-round rise.
The first is to adhere to the path of new urbanization and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.
With a large population and abundant labor resources, the central region is a key area for my country's new urbanization.
It is necessary to improve the new-type urbanization mechanism, strive to attract migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start their own businesses, simultaneously promote the process of citizenization, and actively explore the path of local and nearby urbanization.
It is necessary to focus on infrastructure interconnection and co-construction and sharing of public services, and strengthen the cooperation between cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Central Plains city group.
It is necessary to give full play to the radiating and leading role of central cities, promote the integrated development of urban clusters, and form a multi-center network development pattern.
It is necessary to strengthen the status of Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Changsha, Hefei, Nanchang, Taiyuan and other central cities, further enhance the concentration of factors, technological innovation and service functions, and lead the coordinated and interactive development of related metropolitan circles and urban agglomerations, and form a reasonable division of labor between large, medium and small cities and small towns , The pattern of linkage development.
It is necessary to establish a new model with central cities leading the development of urban agglomerations and urban agglomerations driving regional development, and promote the integrated and interactive development of regional plates.
The second is to promote high-level two-way opening up and create a new highland of high-level opening up inland.
The central region should firmly seize the major opportunities of promoting the “Belt and Road” construction, and strengthen coordinated development with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and the ecological protection and quality of the Yellow River Basin. Development and other major regional strategies promote mutual progress.
It is necessary to implement a more proactive opening strategy, make full use of the resources of both domestic and international markets, and create a new highland for an open economy.
It is necessary to speed up the construction of inland open passages, insist on taking the first step, and build high-level open platforms such as free trade pilot zones, state-level new zones, and airport economic demonstration zones with high standards.
It is necessary to continue to optimize the market-oriented legalized international business environment, promote high-level two-way opening, and build a new pattern of all-round, multi-level, and wide-ranging open development.
The third is to attach great importance to the development of people's livelihood and improve the supply of basic public services.
It is necessary to strengthen the construction of the public health system, promote the interconnection and sharing of basic medical insurance information, establish a unified public employment information service platform, support migrant workers, college graduates, and veterans to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship, and establish a sound basic public service standard system And make dynamic adjustments in due course.
It is necessary to strengthen and innovate social governance, especially the central region should combine the actual development of the country and its own comparative advantages, vigorously develop modern higher vocational education, accelerate the construction of a national vocational education reform pilot zone, and build a number of high-level vocational colleges and backbone majors.
Xiao Jincheng: While fully understanding the advantages and development opportunities, we must also recognize the homogeneity of the central region, that is, structural convergence, and the relationship between competition and cooperation must be handled well.
Each province in the central region should strengthen cooperation with surrounding areas. For example, Anhui should face the Yangtze River Delta, and southwestern Jiangxi should face the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and integrate development with the Greater Bay Area. Northeast Jiangxi includes Shangrao, Jingdezhen, Yingtan, Nanchang, and Jiujiang. It should face the Yangtze River Delta, and the west of Jiangxi should face Wuhan and Changzhutan.
Hubei and Hunan are located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and are part of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. They must go down the river and achieve integrated development with the Yangtze River Delta.
Henan and Jiangxi are similar, the south faces Wuhan, and the north faces Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.
Shanxi should face the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and integrate development with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. Shanxi's energy is strongly complementary to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and also complementary to Shandong.
Shanxi and Inner Mongolia will become an important part of the Pan-Bohai Sea (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia), and realize integrated development with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Shandong.
Construct an advanced manufacturing industry system
Moderator: The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the High-quality Development of the Central Region in the New Era" proposed that how can the Central Region achieve new breakthroughs in the industry to build a modern industrial system supported by advanced manufacturing?
Bai Jinfu: It is necessary to fully understand the strategic security significance of the development of the central region in the great changes unseen in a century, increase the strategic industrial layout, and continue to make efforts to advance the industrial base and modernize the industrial chain, and form new development advantages. Realize the rise of the central region.
The first is to consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy and comprehensively enhance the basic capabilities of the industry.
It is necessary to "implement the industrial infrastructure reengineering project" and build a modern infrastructure system that is complete, efficient, practical, intelligent, green, safe and reliable.
It is necessary to promote high-end, intelligent, and green traditional industries, and develop a modern industrial system.
It is necessary to improve the modernization level of the industrial chain supply chain from three levels. First, promote the diversification of the industrial chain supply chain, promote the integration of the development of traditional industries and emerging industries, develop advanced applicable technologies and industries, and promote the integration of multiple industries and multiple formats; Second, speed up the development of new services, further amplify the functions of the industrial chain, and enhance the vitality of the industrial chain; third, promote the development of new scenarios, and promote the reorganization and reconstruction of the traditional industrial chain from a deeper level.
The second is to build inland open highlands.
On the one hand, the establishment of an open platform for inland areas with high standards includes the establishment of inland free trade zones and exploration of free trade ports, starting from the comparison of free trade zones and simulating free trade ports, creating conditions and promoting accelerated implementation.
On the other hand, speed up the construction of opening-up channels, give play to the effects of the "Belt and Road" and China-Europe Express trains, realize linkage opening and penetrating opening, break regional boundaries and bottlenecks, and promote direct supply and demand trade.
The third is to accelerate digital development.
The central region must realize cross-border integration and platform interaction, build a digital industrial development system, digital regional coordination mechanism, break market barriers, regional barriers, open industrial boundaries, and strengthen the co-effectiveness of the industrial chain.
Promote the in-depth integration of the digital economy and the real economy, accelerate the application of digital, networked, and intelligent technologies in various fields, vigorously develop the industrial Internet, cloud platforms, and industrial apps, and promote enterprises to "use data to make intelligence on the cloud."
Xiao Jincheng: The common task of the central region is to improve the level of industrialization and urbanization. The key is to increase the level of industrialization. The central region has a large population and abundant labor force. In the future, it will vigorously develop the manufacturing industry.
The manufacturing industry has three characteristics. The first is labor-intensive industries, which require abundant labor; the second is technology-intensive industries, which require technical support, which is conducive to technological innovation and talent accumulation; the third is capital-intensive industries, which require capital. A larger amount is conducive to the accumulation of more economic factors.
The manufacturing industry itself is also a green industry, which does not need to consume a lot of resources, and does not have too much emissions, and will not have much impact on the ecological environment.
Sun Jiuwen: Currently, the development of manufacturing in the central region is benefiting from the support of important national strategies.
As one of my country's modern manufacturing bases, the central region has a solid manufacturing foundation, a complete industrial system, a complete range of industries, and a good development momentum. It has formed industrial scale and system advantages supported by multiple points such as the chemical industry, food industry, and machinery manufacturing.
At the same time, the transfer of advanced manufacturing from the east to the central region is an inevitable trend for high-quality development.
Industrial transfer tends to be more regionally concentrated. Traditional manufacturing industries, including chemical fiber, textile, steel, and diversified industries, are gradually gathering in more efficient and cost-advantageous regions, and the central core cities have become concentrated undertaking sites for industrial transfer.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, emerging manufacturing industries such as semiconductors, communications equipment, and electronic components will shift to varying degrees from first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong to core cities in the central and western regions.
With the gradual improvement of the high-speed rail network, transportation methods such as air-rail combined transportation will greatly reduce the spatial disadvantages of the central and western regions, and the mid-to-high-end manufacturing industry will rise in the core cities of the central region.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, accelerating the construction of a national advanced manufacturing base is the primary task of the central region.
To promote the high-quality development of manufacturing in the central region, we must give full play to the advantages of location, regional linkage, and population.
The first is to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of digital, intelligent, and green manufacturing industries.
Industrial transfer is not a simple repetition on the original basis. It is necessary to strengthen industrial Internet innovation and promote the construction of national strategic projects and the application of results.
It is necessary to seize the strategic opportunities of the digital economy, promote an action plan based on digital technology, and create a number of platforms to promote the innovation and development of the manufacturing industry.
It is necessary to guide the effective connection between the upstream and downstream of the manufacturing industry chain in the central region, and strengthen the connection between R&D and design, market development, logistics and transportation, after-sales service and other productive service industries.
The second is to promote the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries.
It is necessary to build an efficient service system for the manufacturing industry, build a regional service system around manufacturing clusters, and build a comprehensive service platform integrating R&D and design, intellectual property rights, and business logistics to form an interactive development pattern of industrial symbiosis and resource sharing.
The third is to improve supporting safeguard measures.
It is necessary to optimize the innovation environment, encourage R&D and innovation, increase rewards and subsidies for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and new high-tech products, so as to promote the effective transformation of enterprises’ R&D investment into useful scientific and technological achievements.
It is necessary to cultivate leading enterprises and attach importance to the leading role of leading enterprises in the industry.