Chinanews client, Beijing, July 16th (Reporter Zhang Xu) On July 16, the national carbon emission trading market opened. The first transaction price was 52.78 yuan per ton, marking the world's largest carbon market. Officially launched.
What exactly is carbon emissions trading?
How does it affect our lives?
Screenshot of the official website of Shanghai Environmental Energy Exchange.
How to trade "selling carbon monks"?
In 2020, China puts forward the goal of achieving the peak of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060.
"Building a national carbon emission trading market is to use market mechanisms to control and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and is an important policy tool to achieve carbon peaking, carbon neutrality, and national independent contribution goals." Vice Minister Zhao Yingmin of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment at the State Council on the 14th Said at a regular policy briefing.
The carbon trading market refers to a market where carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emission rights are sold as a commodity in order to achieve the goal of controlling the total greenhouse gas emissions. It uses market mechanisms to control and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote economic development. Green An important institutional innovation for low-carbon transition.
For example, if a company has an annual carbon emission allowance of 10,000 tons, if the company reduces its carbon emissions to 8,000 tons through technological transformation, the excess 2,000 tons can be sold on the carbon market.
Because other companies need to expand production and the original carbon emission allowances are not enough, they can buy these sold quotas on the market.
This not only controls the total amount of carbon emissions, but also encourages companies to reduce emissions by optimizing energy structure and improving energy efficiency.
The picture comes from Soochow Securities Research Report.
According to the "Announcement on Matters Related to National Carbon Emissions Trading" issued by the Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange, the maximum number of single transactions declared in the national carbon market listing agreement transaction should be less than 100,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, and the trading limit is 10%. The trading hours are from Monday to Friday from 9:30 to 11:30 in the morning and from 13:00 to 15:00 in the afternoon.
The trading model of carbon exchanges is similar to that of regular stock exchanges, including listing agreement trading and block agreement trading.
Listing agreement trading refers to
an open auction transaction method in which transaction participants make purchase and sale declarations through the trading system, and the trading system conducts matching transactions on the purchase and sale declarations in accordance with the principle of "price priority, time priority".
A block
agreement transaction means that a
single transaction exceeding a certain amount should be completed through an agreement transfer. Both parties to the transaction use the exchange's electronic trading system to make a quotation, inquiry and reach an agreement and confirm the transaction.
Mostly used for large-value transactions between enterprises.
The national carbon market listing transaction limit is 10%, and the block transaction limit is 30%. This limit will be adjusted according to market risks.
The picture shows the No. 1 round coal yard of China Datang Nanjing Power Plant.
Photo by Gao Yanyan
Why are all power generation companies included in the first batch?
According to reports, the first batch of key emission units in the power generation industry to participate in the national carbon emission rights trading exceeds 2,000, with carbon emissions of 4 billion tons. This means that China's carbon emission rights trading market will become the world's largest coverage of greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon market.
Why are the first batch of companies included in the national carbon emission trading market?
At the briefing, Zhao Yingmin pointed out that there are two considerations for this move: First, power companies have high carbon emissions. More than 2,000 key emission units in the power generation industry across the country, including self-provided power plants, emit more than 4 billion tons of carbon dioxide each year.
Second, the management system of the power generation industry is relatively sound and the data foundation is relatively good.
In 2011, my country launched carbon trading pilot projects in 7 provinces and cities including Beijing and Tianjin.
In December 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "National Carbon Emissions Trading Market Construction Plan (Power Generation Industry)", and proposed a "three-step" roadmap, namely the infrastructure construction period, the simulated operation period and the deepening and improvement period.
In the same year, the construction of the national carbon market was launched, and it was clear that eight industries, including petrochemicals, chemicals, building materials, steel, non-ferrous metals, papermaking, electric power, and civil aviation, were gradually included in market transactions.
At the end of 2020, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued a normative document "2019-2020 National Carbon Emission Trading Quota Setting and Distribution Implementation Plan (Power Generation Industry)", and announced the inclusion of 2225 power generation companies and self-provided power plants. List of key emission units under the management of national carbon emissions trading quotas.
The first batch of 2225 power generation companies will be allocated carbon emission quotas.
"Through the power generation industry as a breakthrough point, we can further accumulate relevant experience and gradually improve the carbon market." Li Gao, director of the Department of Climate Change of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said to the media.
At 14:57 on January 18, 2019, the two chimneys of Guodian Taiyuan No. 1 Thermal Power Plant, 240 meters and 210 meters in height, were successfully blasted.
Zhang Yunshe
How to calculate the carbon price? How much is appropriate?
Zhao Yingmin said that the weighted average carbon price in the past two years has been around 40 yuan/ton based on the operation of 7 local pilots across the country.
At present, we are considering policies and measures such as improving allowance allocation methods and introducing offset mechanisms to guide market expectations, so as to form a reasonable carbon price.
At 9:30 on the 16th, the national carbon emission rights trading was officially launched on the Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange. The opening price of carbon emission allowance trading was 48 yuan per ton; the first transaction price was 52.78 yuan per ton, and a total of 160,000 tons were traded. The amount is 7.9 million yuan.
It was also reported that on the morning of the 16th, the price increase of carbon trading expanded to 10%, triggering trading restrictions, and reported 52.8 yuan.
Zhao Yingmin said that carbon prices are formed through market transactions, and fluctuations are normal, but violent fluctuations, too high or too low are not conducive to the long-term stable operation of the carbon market.
Too low a carbon price will dampen the enthusiasm of companies to reduce emissions; too high a carbon price will also cause some high-carbon companies to overburden.
"From a macroscopic and long-term perspective, the carbon price is determined by the overall status and trends of economic operation and industry development. A reasonable carbon price can not only demonstrate my country’s determination and strength to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, but also reduce carbon emissions. Row companies provide effective price incentive signals." Zhao Yingmin said.
National carbon trading, common people also benefit
According to data from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, as of June 2021, my country's pilot provinces and cities have accumulated 480 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent trading volume in the carbon market, with a turnover of approximately 11.4 billion yuan.
The compliance rate of key emission units has maintained a high level, and the total carbon emissions and intensity of the market coverage have been reduced. It has contributed to the promotion of corporate greenhouse gas emission reduction and strengthened the awareness of low-carbon development in all sectors of society, which has accumulated valuable experience for the construction of the national carbon market .
In the opinion of experts, the carbon emission rights trading market will form a systematic, formal operation and well-established dynamic carbon trading activity platform, which can benefit many groups.
A passenger walks by in the terminal building of Kunming Changshui Airport, with blue sky and white clouds behind him.
Photo by Chinanews reporter Zhang Xu
Pan Helin, executive dean and professor of the Institute of Digital Economy of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, said that the establishment of a carbon trading market will not only help provide the government with more diversified energy-saving and carbon-reduction solutions, but also help companies optimize their own carbon emission reduction methods. , And drive the participation of local exchanges, third-party testing agencies, consulting agencies, verification agencies and other related companies to obtain dividends from the carbon trading market, thereby reducing the carbon emission reduction costs of the whole society and promoting the adjustment and upgrading of my country's economic structure.
The capital market is also moving with the wind. On the 16th, the A-share carbon trading concept sector rose collectively, with Haohua Technology and Yuntianhua's daily limit, Hanwei Technology rose 11.89%, and Shuangliang Energy Conservation, Chenming Paper and other stocks followed up. The increase was over 7%.
In addition, although carbon trading seems to be very far from common people's lives, the ecological environment is related to everyone's quality of life and happiness.
Pan Helin told reporters: “Green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains. The country hopes to lead the ecological environment protection and optimization through the carbon emission mechanism. This sends a strong signal to the outside world. On the one hand, it is to guide the green development of the industry, and the other On the one hand, we should also adopt a greener lifestyle, and everyone is responsible for protecting the environment." (End)