2500 small, medium and micro enterprises war epidemic report: how to break through and where does resilience come

　　"Under the impact of the new crown epidemic, epidemic prevention and control is not just a health issue. As the epidemic is effectively controlled, we should increasingly think about how to balance the prevention and control of the epidemic with social development, and how to prevent and control the epidemic. Protect private enterprises, especially small, medium and micro enterprises under the impact,” said Dong Yaohui, an assistant professor at the School of Economics and Management of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen).

　　On June 28, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) "Economic Anti-epidemic-China Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Epidemic Recovery Investigation and Economic Anti-epidemic Policy Effect Analysis Report Seminar Conference" was held in Shenzhen. Enterprise Survival Investigation and Review Report" (hereinafter referred to as "Report").

　　According to the "Report", the epidemic is a stress test on the resilience of the industrial chain, forcing people to re-examine the shortcomings of various regions and industries in the industrial chain.

However, in the face of the impact of the epidemic, companies and governments at all levels have adopted a series of measures to relieve pressure and expand the market.

　　It is understood that the "Report" used the 2020 China Enterprise Innovation and Entrepreneurship Survey (ESIEC) project team based on the ESIEC2018 and ESIEC2019 baseline surveys of nearly 10,000 private companies, and conducted telephone and Internet calls in February, May and August 2020. Conducted three rounds of surveys on the survival status of SMEs under the new crown pneumonia epidemic in more than 2500 private small, medium and micro enterprises and self-employed individuals, and reviewed the problems existing in the survival, operating status and resumption of work and production of SMEs under the impact of the new crown epidemic and after the epidemic. The impact mechanism of the epidemic on small, medium and micro enterprises.

Supply chain resilience tested

　　In terms of supply chain resilience, the "Report" believes that under the impact of the epidemic, the first test is the resilience of the company's supply chain. The main manifestation is that the influx of migrant workers into major provinces is trapped by labor shortages, and it is also difficult to resume work in inland provinces. Logistics is blocked; the manufacturing industry faces the dual challenges of terminal demand reduction and supply interruption.

　　In terms of corporate resilience, in the face of difficulties in resuming work caused by the flow of personnel and blocked logistics, companies need to reduce their demand for personnel and logistics as much as possible to maintain basic operations and thus "hold the bottom line."

The "Report" found that before the outbreak, companies that implemented vocational skills training, process innovation, and used e-commerce platforms to operate had a higher return to work rate than companies that did not adopt such measures.

At the same time, many companies will adopt adjustment measures and innovate business management to improve operational efficiency, such as adjusting wages and working hours, adopting remote office and online sales or purchasing methods to adjust and transform in the impact, thereby "expanding living space." .

　　Among them, the business service industry, compared with the residential service industry and the manufacturing industry, has a more flexible business model, stronger corporate resilience, more preparedness for the impact of the epidemic, relatively easy transformation, and the highest rate of resumption of work.

　　In terms of industrial chain resilience, the "Report" believes that the epidemic is a stress test on the resilience of the industrial chain, forcing people to re-examine the shortcomings of various regions and industries in the industrial chain.

　　Li Huiwen, director of the Regional and Industrial Development Research Center of the School of International Economics and Trade, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, said that the survey found that after the outbreak, cities with larger economies and higher densities have better industrial resilience. Under the impact of the epidemic, the economic contraction is smaller and recovers The time is also shorter.

The reason may be that the industries in large cities or metropolitan areas are composed of multiple chains forming a complex and resilient division of labor network. One of the links is broken, and companies will look for upstream and downstream partners to fill the original vacancy.

He believes that in the future, it will be more efficient and safer to guide industries to further gather in big cities and metropolitan areas.

"Timely rain" to bail out small, medium and micro enterprises

　　Private small, medium and micro enterprises are known as the capillaries of China's economy and are an important force in promoting social and economic development.

　　Since February 2020, the new crown epidemic has caused a huge impact on the normal operation of enterprises and the economy. In response to this severe test, the central and local governments at all levels have scientifically grasped and actively promoted tax reduction and fee reduction and other relief measures to help enterprises. Reduced the burden of market entities by more than 2.6 trillion yuan annually, and introduced and implemented a series of fiscal and financial policies that benefit enterprises and the people.

　　At present, my country's economy has gradually stabilized and rebounded and achieved an annual growth of 2.3% in GDP.

Tax cuts, fee reductions and subsidy policies have caused fiscal revenue reductions and expenditures to expand, putting a certain amount of fiscal pressure on the central and local governments.

In 2020, general public budget revenue fell by 3.9% year-on-year, of which tax revenue fell by 2.3% year-on-year.

Therefore, the 2021 government work report emphasizes that governments at all levels must persist in living a "tight life."

At the same time, the process of tax reduction and fee reduction has begun to adjust, and some phased relief policies have begun to withdraw gradually, in order to balance the relationship between promoting development and preventing risks.

　　From the perspective of policy coverage, the enterprise survey in May 2020 shows that the coverage rate of taxation policies such as tax cuts and fee reductions is relatively high in all provinces.

In Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other provinces and cities, more than half of enterprises said they enjoyed tax policy support.

In these provinces and cities, the coverage rate of postponement and exemption of social security and other stabilization policies also exceeds 50%.

　　"Last year the government’s loan policy included lower loan interest rates, which is a great help to our company. At the end of last year, our company made a very important loan, which provided the company with a good cash flow. This loan policy For us, it is "timely rain." In addition, there are social security subsidies, lower water charges, etc., which are of great help to our company's recovery as soon as possible last year." said Peng Chuyao, founder of Deep Magnetic Technology.

　　Tang Jie, chairman of the Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Development Planning Committee and chairman of the Academic Committee of the School of Economics and Management, believes that from a national perspective, there are differences in the economic situation and economic development, but the behavior of governments across the country is highly consistent.

This consistency is effective from the actual situation.

In the face of a sudden shock, local governments are mature and effective in using fiscal policies.

　　Entering 2021, the aftermath of the impact of the epidemic will still put pressure on the operation and development of some enterprises, especially small, medium and micro enterprises.

At the same time, the epidemic is still recurring in some areas, and there is still pressure on epidemic prevention and control.

　　The "Report" shows that the coverage rate of the relief policy has a relatively long-term and continuous impact on economic recovery. Using the latest industrial and commercial registration database, it can be found that it is consistent with the results of the previous survey, tax reductions and fee reductions, and tax policies and deferred payment exemptions Social security and other stabilizing policies have significantly reduced the possibility of companies withdrawing.

　　The "Report" pointed out that the balance between anti-epidemic and economic recovery needs to be balanced. First, in the future, it is necessary to consider both epidemic prevention and economic goals and build an early warning response system.

The second is to take precise measures as the starting point, and persist in helping companies to relieve their difficulties in the "tight days".

With policy coverage as the starting point, efforts should be made to improve the efficiency of implementation of relief policies.

(Author: Huang Qiong)