(Economic Observation) In the post-poverty era, how are the lives of nearly 10 million migrants in China?
China News Service, Beijing, May 26th, title: In the post-poverty era, how are the lives of nearly tens of millions of migrants in China?
China News Agency reporter Ruan Yulin
From dilapidated houses and adobe houses to buildings with complete water and electricity, from high mountains and deep valleys to beautiful homes, from barren land where "one water and soil cannot support one person", to stepping into urban life, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, nearly 10 million people in China The population completed the feat of poverty alleviation and relocation.
How to steadily increase income after leaving the houses and land that have lived for generations has become the top priority for new immigrants in the “post-poverty era”.
"Sambo Yi Township, Qinglong County, has few land resources and is concentrated in the mountains. It is relatively fragmented. If you still rely on growing corn and other crops as a source of income, it is impossible to get rich," said Shu Zhan, director of the Qinglong County Poverty Alleviation Office, Guizhou Province, recently told China News Agency. The reporter said that after the people moved out, they would transfer their original land to develop fast-growing forests, edible fungi and other cash crops. On the other hand, they would greatly increase the income of poverty-stricken households by organizing migrant workers and employment in local industrial parks.
In the Sanbao Industrial Park in Qinglong County, Sun Zhuan, general manager of Qinglong Shanshui Clothing Co., Ltd., told China News Agency that the factory will officially start production in May 2020. You can enjoy a series of preferential policies for entering the industrial park, including three-year rent-free workshops. , Water, electricity, tax incentives, and the government subsidizes 500 yuan (RMB, the same below) per person per month for workers’ training before taking up their jobs.
He said that there are now 101 workers here, and the machine is running at full capacity and the scale of recruitment needs to be expanded.
In addition to the introduction of labor-intensive enterprises, Sanbao Yi Township also uses its own advantages to develop characteristic industries and tourism industries in order to promote stable jobs and incomes for local people out of poverty.
Sanbao Yi Township in Qinglong County is a typical deep mountainous area where “one side of water and soil cannot feed the other people”. There are many mountains, little flat land, serious water shortage, and a large proportion of ethnic minorities such as Yi and Miao. The “poor” area was listed as one of the 20 extremely poor townships in Guizhou Province in 2016.
In June 2017, all 1,317 households and 6,263 people in Sanbao Yi Township moved out of Dashan and moved to the small town of Ameiqituo in the suburbs of the county town. This township is also the only institutional township in the country where the entire township has been relocated.
Today, the picturesque town of Amei Qituo is already a characteristic tourist town with the customs of Miao Village and Yizhai Village. In 2020, it successfully declared a national 4A scenic spot, becoming a successful example of the relocation of 1.88 million poor people in Guizhou.
After the problem of "moving out" is basically solved, the most important follow-up support is employment.
Ensuring employment means preserving the lives of relocated households out of poverty.
According to official statistics, the 832 poverty alleviation counties in the country basically have leading industries, and the poor villages with conditions have established characteristic industrial bases, and there are more than 100,000 industrial bases in the country.
Among the people out of poverty, about two-thirds increase their income by going out to work and developing industries.
Experts pointed out that whether it is to prevent poverty or alleviate relative poverty, the strategy of giving priority to employment should be adopted.
The development of industries and employment is the key to stable poverty alleviation. Only when poverty-stricken households make rational use of various resources and rely on their own efforts to generate income stably, the poverty problem can be solved lastingly.
"Post-relocation assistance work is the top priority to consolidate and expand the results of poverty alleviation," said Wang Zhengpu, director of the National Rural Revitalization Bureau. The large-scale gathering of poverty-stricken people has brought severe challenges to industrial employment, grassroots governance, and public services.
Most of the people who actually live in the resettlement sites are the elderly, women, and children. They have weak industrial development capabilities and relatively low employment skills. It is difficult to promote income growth. Rigid expenditures have increased significantly after moving into the city, increasing the risk of returning to poverty. Blind optimism.
What is gratifying is that after moving away from the mountain, the mental outlook and life concepts of the people who have been lifted out of poverty have also changed.
In March 2019, Qin Jiaojiao, a 23-year-old family in Zhijin County, Guizhou Province, relocated to Hengda Community, Huimin Sub-district through relocation. A certain company connected and went to work in Jiangsu after the Spring Festival.
Now the couple has an income of more than 6,000 yuan a month, and their lives have completely changed.
In 2019, Xie Xiaoyuan's family moved to a new house in Guilinkeng, Lingbei Town, Yudu County, Jiangxi Province through the relocation policy for poverty alleviation.
After moving out, Xie Xiaoyuan and his wife Xie Chunhua went to work in a nearby poverty alleviation workshop and achieved employment at their doorstep.
A few days ago, Xie Xiaoyuan found a new job, selling a house in a real estate agency, and using his spare time to start a live broadcast of the goods. He has thousands of fans on a certain video account. “Several businesses have already come here and plan to bring them to the villagers. "Goods", Xie Xiaoyuan and his wife are looking forward to the future life.
"One of the most difficult things to do in poverty alleviation is to relocate poverty alleviation. The next step is also the problem of supporting these people," Wang Zhengpu said.
Wang Zhengpu emphasized that after the relocation, the support work has heavy tasks, strong policies, and high social attention. It is a complex system project. It must not be empty. It must be embroidered to actively promote the implementation of various tasks and achieve results.
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