Megacities are an important part of my country's urban system. As the population gathers in large cities, megacities are developing rapidly.
What is the current economic aggregate of megacities?
Megacities refer to cities with urban populations above 5 million and below 10 million.
According to the "2019 Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook" recently released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the urban populations of 10 cities including Dongguan, Wuhan, Chengdu, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Zhengzhou, Xi'an, Jinan, Shenyang and Qingdao are between 5 million and 10 million. Belongs to a megacity.
Compared with the previous year, there is one more megacities, namely Jinan.
According to a reporter from China Business News, among these 10 megacities, 8 of the 10 megacities have a GDP of over one trillion yuan in 2020. Chengdu, which ranks first, is 2.7 times that of Shenyang, the lowest.
Four new first-tier leading cities compete
Statistics show that in 2020, 8 out of 10 megacities will have a GDP exceeding one trillion yuan, an increase of two over the previous year.
Among them, Chengdu, Hangzhou and Wuhan are among the top three, each exceeding 1.5 trillion yuan.
Chengdu ranks first among megacities with an economic aggregate of 1,771.67 billion yuan.
Statistics from the Chengdu Bureau of Statistics show that Chengdu has become one of the "most suitable cities for the development of the new economy."
Innovative vitality continued to burst, the number of high-tech enterprises exceeded 6,000, and the operating income of high-tech industries exceeded one trillion yuan.
The electronic information industry is a pillar industry that Chengdu focuses on development.
The Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology announced that in 2020, the scale of Chengdu's electronic information industry reached 10,0657 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 19.8%, of which the operating income of the electronic information product manufacturing industry above designated size increased by 30.7% year-on-year.
At the same time, Chengdu's foreign trade import and export is very bright in 2020.
Data show that the total import and export volume will be 715.42 billion yuan in 2020, a year-on-year increase of 22.4%.
Among them, the total export value was 410.68 billion yuan, an increase of 23.7%; the total import value was 304.74 billion yuan, an increase of 20.7%.
Processing trade continued to grow, with a total import and export volume of 503.16 billion yuan in the form of processing trade, an increase of 25.8%.
In addition, in 2020, the Chengdu High-tech Comprehensive Bonded Zone will achieve a total import and export volume of 549.17 billion yuan, a record high, ranking first among the national comprehensive bonded zones for 33 consecutive months, bucking the trend, increasing by 26.8%, accounting for 76.8% of the city, and accounting for the province’s foreign trade. 68% of total import and export.
He Kaifeng, deputy director of the Economic Operation Bureau (Enterprise Service Bureau) of Chengdu High-tech Zone, told China Business News that in Chengdu's foreign trade import and export, the high-tech comprehensive protection zone occupies the bulk, mainly because of several leading companies such as Intel, Foxconn, and Dell. It's all here.
In the entire industrial chain, the volume of imported materials and packaged products is very large.
According to He Kaifeng's analysis, Chengdu's foreign trade exports have grown rapidly, which is related to products and industrial structure.
Electronic information products account for a high proportion of Chengdu’s foreign trade exports.
Last year, because of the epidemic, everyone was working at home and used more "home economy" products, especially electronic products, and the sales of terminal products were very good, and the demand was great.
So last year, leading electronics companies such as Intel all grew against the trend.
Statistics from Chengdu Customs also show that "home economy" products have promoted rapid growth in exports.
With the increase in global demand for home office and other aspects, the export of "home economy" related products will increase. In 2020, the export value of Sichuan's notebook computers and tablet computers will increase by 29% and 49%, respectively, and the two will drive Sichuan as a whole. Exports increased by 13.1 percentage points.
He Kaifeng said that as a national central city, Chengdu has obvious geographical advantages in radiating south and west.
In terms of external traffic, Chengdu currently ranks fourth in the country in scale of international routes, and first in the central and western regions.
Shuangliu International Airport has a passenger throughput of 40.742 million passengers, ranking second among airports in the country; both the number of takeoffs and landings and the total number of passenger flights rank eighth among airports in the world.
Niu Fengrui, a researcher at the Urban Development and Environment Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, analyzed to a reporter from China Business News that the Southwest has a large population and sufficient labor force. At the same time, Chengdu’s good business environment has strongly supported the development of electronic information and other industries.
After Chengdu, Hangzhou surpassed Wuhan with a total economic output of 1610.6 billion yuan, ranking second in the megacities.
Compared with the three major regional cities of Chengdu, Wuhan and Nanjing, Hangzhou does have a big gap in terms of urban infrastructure and the concentration of resource elements. In the early stage of reform and opening up, the urban population of Hangzhou was much smaller.
However, after the reform and opening up, Hangzhou's private economy has developed rapidly, especially after entering the new century, Hangzhou's information economy has taken the lead in the country and has developed into the "e-commerce capital" of my country.
Statistics from the Hangzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics show that in 2020, the city’s digital economy core industries will achieve an added value of 429 billion yuan, an increase of 13.3%, which is 9.4 percentage points higher than the GDP growth rate, accounting for 26.6% of GDP, an increase of 1.9 points from the previous year. percentage point.
This year’s Hangzhou Municipal Government’s work report shows that in 2020, Hangzhou’s attraction to outstanding talents will continue to increase.
In 2020, Hangzhou has newly introduced 436,000 college students under the age of 35, and the net inflow rate of talents will continue to rank first in the country.
However, Hangzhou's shortcomings are also obvious.
For example, Hangzhou’s emerging industries have paid too much attention to model innovation, but they are still not strong in technology research and development. In particular, the entire information economy structure is weak, and technology manufacturing needs to be improved.
Wuhan, which is most affected by the epidemic, has its GDP ranked third among the megacities.
This year’s Wuhan Municipal Government Work Report pointed out that, as the city with the longest lockdown time, the latest restart time, and the most affected by the epidemic, in the first quarter of last year, the regional GDP fell precipitously, fighting for the second quarter and sprinting for the third quarter. In the fourth quarter of the decisive battle, the whole year was better than expected. The total economic volume ranked among the top ten cities in the country, reaching 156.161 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 4.7%, stabilizing the economic fundamentals.
However, in accordance with the current momentum of Wuhan's recovery, after Wuhan's full "return to blood" by 2021, it is highly likely that Wuhan will surpass Hangzhou and return to the eighth place.
Nanjing continued to rank fourth in the megacities and achieved new breakthroughs.
In 2020, it will achieve a GDP of 1481.795 billion yuan. After entering the national GDP trillion club city for the first time in 2016, the total economic output will be among the top ten in the country for the first time.
Niu Fengrui said that in cities where universities, scientific research institutions, and cultural infrastructure are relatively concentrated, for some reason, the potential and advantages have not been shown in the past.
In recent years, with the changes of the times, especially when technological innovation has become the basic driving force of development, the existing technological resources and technological basic advantages of these cities will be brought into play. For example, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chengdu, etc., ushered in an outbreak period.
8 cities over a trillion
After the four new first-tier leading cities, there are four other megacities from the Yellow River Basin that also rank among the trillions of GDP cities, namely Qingdao, Zhengzhou, Jinan and Xi'an.
Among them, Qingdao and Zhengzhou are both in the 1.2 trillion echelon.
In 2020, Zhengzhou will achieve a GDP of 1,2003 billion yuan, which is still a gap of 39.7 billion yuan with Qingdao.
Niu Fengrui said that Qingdao still has many advantages.
Qingdao is an important seaport in my country, and its throughput capacity is also among the best in the country.
In terms of industrial manufacturing, Qingdao has a number of well-known enterprises such as Haier and Hisense, and has a solid industrial foundation.
However, Henan, where Zhengzhou is located, is the province with the largest registered population in my country. As the provincial capital and the center of the entire Central Plains urban agglomeration, Zhengzhou has a large economic hinterland.
Niu Fengrui said that Zhengzhou has developed rapidly in recent years and has become a national central city with unique geographical advantages.
Of course, Zhengzhou also has obvious shortcomings. Compared with the central cities of Nanjing, Wuhan, and Chengdu, and brother cities such as Hefei and Changsha, there are fewer first-class universities and scientific research institutions, and the overall scientific and technological innovation capabilities are not outstanding.
Among the 10 megacities, Jinan and Xi'an are the two cities that have reached the trillion-dollar GDP mark this year.
Among them, Xi'an's economic growth rate is as high as 5.2%, ranking first among the 10 megacities.
Zhang Baotong, president of the Shaanxi Urban Economic and Cultural Research Association, believes that Xi'an currently has some shortcomings and shortcomings in its economic development.
Although Xi'an has abundant resources for higher education and science and technology, due to the underdeveloped private economy, many scientific research results cannot be transformed locally, but instead are transformed into developed coastal areas such as the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta.
Therefore, it is very important for Xi'an to accelerate the shortcomings of private economic development in the future.
Among the 10 cities, Dongguan and Shenyang have two cities whose GDP has not exceeded one trillion yuan.
Among them, Dongguan's economic growth rate last year was only 1.1%.
As a city with the highest degree of dependence on foreign trade, Dongguan's economy will be greatly affected by the epidemic in 2020. In the first quarter of 2020, a large number of migrant workers have difficulty returning to work, and many orders cannot be completed; exports have been blocked again after April.
Therefore, in 2020, Dongguan's total import and export volume was 1333.0 billion yuan, a decrease of 3.8% over the previous year, of which exports were 828.15 billion yuan, a decrease of 4.4%.
However, in terms of investment, in 2020, the city's fixed asset investment in Dongguan will increase by 13.0% over the previous year, and the growth rate will increase by 3.9 percentage points over the previous three quarters.
In terms of different industries, manufacturing investment increased by 15.4%, a decline of 6 percentage points from the previous three quarters; investment in real estate development increased by 9.3%, a growth rate of 7.6 percentage points higher than the previous three quarters, and continued to maintain steady growth after turning positive for the first time in the first half of the year; Investment in general projects excluding investment in real estate development increased by 15.2%; investment in infrastructure increased by 19.3%, a sharp increase of 9.8 percentage points from the previous three quarters, showing a rapid growth trend.
Peng Peng, executive chairman of the Guangdong Institutional Reform Research Association, said that overall, the probability of Dongguan breaking the trillion mark in 2021 is very high.
"This year is a rebound year, and the growth rate is relatively high. It is normal. But structural problems need to be adjusted."
Shenyang is currently the only megacity in the Northeast. Last year, Shenyang’s GDP was 659.16 billion yuan, an increase of 0.8%.
The economic aggregate ranks 33rd among all cities.
At present, among the megacities, Shenyang's GDP is equivalent to 37% of the top-ranking Chengdu.
Niu Fengrui said that, on the whole, Shenyang has not yet completely out of the "thoroughs" of transformation.
The Northeast region, including Shenyang, originally had a very large proportion of heavy and chemical industries, and the planned economy’s institutional inertia continued to be relatively large. There were more problems and difficulties encountered in the process of transformation, and the transformation was even more difficult.
Continuing to this day, the transformation of some industries is acceptable. For example, the equipment manufacturing industry still has certain advantages.
However, the total economic output of the entire city still cannot rise, and more efforts are still needed.
Author: Lin Xiaozhao