Chinanews client, Beijing, February 26 (Reporter Li Jinlei) When will the delayed retirement policy be implemented?
When was the personal pension system established?
Can pensions be paid on time and in full?
The number of college graduates hit a record high, how to solve the employment problem?
On February 26, the State Council Information Office held a press conference on employment and social security. Officials from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security gave an authoritative response to people’s livelihood topics such as delayed retirement, employment, and pensions.
On February 26, the State Council Information Office held a press conference on employment and social security.
Photo by Chinanews reporter Li Jinlei
Studying a specific reform plan to delay retirement
The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee clearly implemented a gradual extension of the statutory retirement age.
At present, the current legal retirement age in my country is 60 for male workers, 55 for female cadres, and 50 for female workers.
You Jun, deputy minister of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that the current overall low retirement age is a very serious problem. First, it does not match the average life expectancy.
The average life expectancy in China was about 40 years old at the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of my country, and it has increased to 77.3 years by 2019.
The average life expectancy of urban residents is even higher, exceeding 80 years.
The second is not adapting to changes in population structure and the development trend of aging.
By the end of 2019, the proportion of the population aged 60 and above has reached 18.1%. It is expected that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, our elderly population will exceed 300 million people, from mild to moderate aging, this change The development and impact on the economy and society is far-reaching.
The third is not adapting to changes in labor supply and demand.
The number of working-age population in my country has declined since 2012, with an average annual decrease of more than 3 million, and the reduction is increasing. It is expected that there will be a decrease of 35 million during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.
The fourth is the waste of human resources.
Among the newly-increased labor force in my country, the proportion of people who have received higher education has exceeded half, and the average years of education have been continuously extended, reaching 13.7 years. The age at which people start working has been postponed accordingly.
When the retirement age remains unchanged, the average working life will naturally be shortened, leading to a waste of human resources and a decline in the utilization rate of human capital.
Especially in universities, hospitals, scientific research institutions and some high-tech industries, these industries and units where highly educated personnel are concentrated, the situation is particularly prominent.
From an international point of view, delaying the retirement age is a common practice in countries around the world to deal with population aging.
In recent decades, most countries have raised the retirement age to varying degrees. At present, the retirement age in major economies in the world is generally above 65.
"At present, our ministry is working with relevant departments to study specific reform plans," You Jun said. The plan should not only draw on international practices and experience, but also fully consider my country's actual national conditions, cultural traditions and historical evolution.
Since delaying the retirement age involves the vital interests of the majority of employees, we will extensively listen to opinions from all walks of life during the research and formulation of the plan, fully absorb the opinions and suggestions from all walks of life, and build social consensus, so as to obtain the greatest common divisor to ensure the plan Scientifically feasible and smoothly implemented.
Elderly profile map.
Source: Visual China
Personal pension system will be introduced
You Jun said that among the three levels of my country's current pension insurance system, as the first level of basic pension insurance, the system is basically complete. The employee pension insurance plus the two platforms of urban and rural residents' pension insurance currently cover nearly one billion people.
As the second-level enterprise annuity and occupational annuity system, initially established and gradually improved, it currently covers more than 58 million people.
The personal pension system as the third level has not yet been introduced.
"Indeed, the third level is still a shortcoming in the entire pension insurance system." You Jun said that in recent years, we have systematically planned and designed the third-level system model under the framework of the multi-level pension insurance system.
After sufficient research and demonstration, drawing on international experience, and summing up some domestic pilot experiences, preliminary ideas have been formed.
"The general consideration is to establish a personal pension system based on the account system, voluntary participation by individuals, and taxation support from the state finances, and funds to form a market-oriented investment and operation of the personal pension system, which is being launched in full swing." You Jun said, the next step, We will step up the promotion, introduce it as soon as possible, and implement it as soon as possible to meet the diverse needs and better guarantee the happy life of the elderly.
Can pensions be paid on time and in full?
In order to reduce the burden on enterprises last year, my country reduced or exempted corporate social insurance premiums with unprecedented intensity.
Social insurance premiums were reduced and exempted by 1.54 trillion yuan throughout the year. Pensions accounted for the bulk of the 1.33 trillion yuan. This played an important role in alleviating the pressure on business operations and stabilizing employment, but it also had a certain impact on pensions. A few provinces have pensions. There is greater pressure on gold distribution.
Will the pension be paid on time and in full in the future?
Zhang Jinan, Minister of Human Resources and Social Security, said that first, it can be balanced in the current period.
The balance for the current period in 2019 is more than 340 billion yuan. Last year, the situation was special. After the normal collection of pension insurance is resumed this year, there will be a slight balance after the pre-judgment of income and expenditure is offset.
Second, history has accumulated.
After accumulating part of it, we now have a cumulative balance of 4.7 trillion yuan.
Third, there are financial subsidies.
The central government’s subsidies for pension funds have continued to increase, reaching more than 580 billion yuan last year, with a focus on western regions and old industrial bases.
Fourth, there are channels for value-added.
That is, the scale of investment and operation of the balance of pension funds is constantly expanding, and the entrusted funds have reached 1.2 trillion yuan.
Under the premise of ensuring the safety of the fund, it has achieved value preservation and appreciation.
Fifth, there are reserves in the long run.
The equity of the national social security strategic reserve fund has reached 2.4 trillion yuan. When it was established in 2000, it was 20 billion yuan. Through the allocation of some state-owned assets, this fund is still being enriched and expanded.
"In addition, on the basis of achieving provincial-level overall planning, we are also accelerating the study and implementation of national overall planning of pension insurance, which will further improve the risk resistance of pension funds. In short, please rest assured that we can ensure that pensions are paid on time and in full. Said Zhang Jinan.
Job fair information map.
Photo by China News Agency reporter Wu Junjie
How to solve the problem of youth employment?
Regarding the employment situation this year, Zhang Jinan said that the general judgment is that as the economy stabilizes and improves, employment will continue to be generally stable.
However, there are still many uncertain and unstable factors, and the employment situation is still relatively complicated and faces many challenges.
Among them, the total employment pressure remains unabated.
This year, the new growth of the urban labor force that needs to be arranged for employment is still around 15 million, and the number of college graduates this year is 9.09 million, reaching a new high.
Li Zhong, deputy minister of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that the number of college graduates last year was 8.74 million. Affected by the epidemic, college graduates face a series of difficulties in employment, such as declining demand, delayed recruitment, and restricted job hunting. The Chinese government attaches great importance to this. , Made a series of deployment arrangements.
Through the efforts of all parties, the overall stability of the employment situation of college graduates has been achieved, which is better than expected, and the overall employment rate of college graduates has reached more than 90%.
Li Zhong said that the graduating class of 2021 is 9.09 million, which is a record high.
In addition, there are still many unemployed graduates in the past who are seeking jobs, and the task of promoting employment is even more important in the context of increasing environmental uncertainties at home and abroad.
Regarding how to promote employment, Li Zhong pointed out that in the next step, we will continue to make the employment of college graduates a top priority and implement the employment and entrepreneurship promotion plan for college graduates.
These measures can be summarized as "three supports and three enhancements". One is to support enterprise employment, the other is to support grassroots employment, the third is to support entrepreneurship and innovation, the fourth is to strengthen recruitment services, the fifth is to strengthen capacity enhancement, and the sixth is to strengthen assistance for difficulties.
Through these targeted measures, to promote the employment of college graduates.
(Finish)