"Startup Enterprise Survey (Phase 3) Report" is released——
A strong atmosphere for innovation and entrepreneurship, talent funding is still a problem
Innovative entrepreneurial enterprise research group
The "Entrepreneurship Survey (Phase 3) Report" jointly prepared by the Economic Daily News China Economic Trends Institute and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics was released today.
The survey subjects in this period are still mainly small, medium and micro enterprises. Among the surveyed companies, 88.0% of the companies have assets of less than 20 million yuan, 55.6% of the companies have assets of less than 3 million yuan; 96.8% of the surveyed companies have few employees Among 100 employees, 73.4% have less than 20 employees; 82.9% of enterprises have sales income of less than 10 million yuan, and 30.5% of enterprises have sales income of less than 500,000 yuan.
Compared with the previous two surveys, this survey has strengthened the focus on the central and western regions, and has newly added surveys in the Northeast.
The minimum is 20 years old, the maximum is 78 years old, the age span of entrepreneurs is large
Compared with the previous two surveys, although young and middle-aged men with higher education are still the main players in entrepreneurship, the distribution of entrepreneurs has a more obvious diversification.
Among them, the proportion of female entrepreneurs reached 27.1%, the highest in the three-phase survey.
Compared with the previous two surveys, the age structure of entrepreneurs in this survey has the characteristics of a large span and a wide distribution. The maximum age is 78 years old, the minimum is 20 years old, and the age span reaches 58 years old.
At the same time, although young and middle-aged people are still the main entrepreneurial group, their age distribution is more scattered.
Among them, entrepreneurs aged 36 to 44 accounted for 39.6%, and entrepreneurs aged 26 to 35 accounted for 35.4%. The proportions of the two age groups are relatively close.
In terms of academic qualifications, 52.3% of entrepreneurs have a bachelor’s degree, which is an absolute advantage among entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs with a master’s degree or above account for 18.3%, which is an increase.
The birthplaces of entrepreneurs are widely distributed, with first-tier cities accounting for 18.57%, provincial capital cities or cities separately designated in the state plan accounting for 17.53%, prefecture-level cities accounting for 23.38%, county-level cities accounting for 11.37%, and rural areas accounting for 34.09%.
In addition, willingness to cooperate with others and extroversion are still the main character traits of entrepreneurs, accounting for 64.3% and 51.0% respectively.
Entrepreneurship only when there is market opportunity,
Have work experience to have entrepreneurial direction
A comprehensive three-phase survey can initially outline some common factors affecting entrepreneurship.
Seizing market opportunities is the most important factor in entrepreneurship.
In this round of survey, 28.1% of companies regard market opportunities as their first choice for entrepreneurship, and their comprehensive evaluation of importance is also significantly higher than other factors.
Owning intellectual property is not the key to starting a business.
Similar to the previous two surveys, although more than half of the companies believe that intellectual property is an important factor in entrepreneurship, 64.5% of the company’s founders and partners are not the inventors or authors of intellectual property, and 61.9% of the company’s founders and partners Not the owner of the intellectual property.
Work experience in related fields plays an important role in entrepreneurship.
In this survey, 84.8% of the companies have at least one partner who has work experience in the relevant industry.
Building a team is an important condition for entrepreneurship.
In the three surveys, the average number of partners in start-up companies is more than 3, and most companies have formed teams at the beginning of their business.
The survey also conducted a survey on business satisfaction. More than 35% of companies are satisfied with their business conditions, 53% of companies think their business conditions are average, and 11% of companies are not satisfied with their business conditions.
In 2018, 57.1% of start-ups achieved an increase in sales revenue, a slight increase compared to 2017. 29.7% of companies’ sales revenue increased by more than 30%, 21.5% of companies’ sales revenue increased by more than 50%, and sales revenue increased by or The proportion of enterprises more than doubled reached 9.3%.
In 2018, the growth rate of the number of employees in startups has slowed down compared with 2017, but there is still an increase in the number of employees in nearly 60% of startups, accounting for 58.5%, and 17.9% of companies have increased their employees by more than 50%.
In 2018, the income of employees of start-up enterprises increased significantly. More than 90% of the employees of enterprises have an average monthly salary of more than 10,000 yuan, accounting for 91.2%, which is a significant increase from 2017.
In terms of cities, the income levels of cities in the Northeast and Midwest are relatively low.
The proportion of Changchun start-up companies with an average monthly salary exceeding 10,000 yuan is only 61.2%, which is the lowest among all surveyed cities.
The proportion of enterprises with average monthly wages of more than 10,000 yuan in Zhengzhou and Xi'an is also less than 90%, 82.2% and 86.9% respectively, which are significantly lower than those in the eastern region.
However, it should be noted that while the scale is expanding, the profitability of startups needs to be improved.
In 2018, 60.5% of start-up companies had zero or negative growth in profit. From an industry perspective, more than 60% of the profit growth in the fields of modern agriculture, biomedicine, new materials, information technology, and cultural creativity accounted for more than 60%.
Seventy percent of survey respondents have no increase in R&D investment,
Senior talent is still lacking
Innovation and entrepreneurship are closely related. Realizing a virtuous circle of innovation-driven entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship promotes innovation is the basic requirement of "double innovation", but the overall innovation level of entrepreneurial enterprises is relatively low.
In the current survey, 85.5% of companies have no patents for inventions, 82.4% of companies do not own non-patented technologies, 88.3% of companies have not participated in the formulation of industry, national or international standards, and 94.8% of companies have never owned national or provincial or ministerial level Awards.
The transformation effect of scientific and technological achievements is relatively weak, and 85.5% of enterprises have not incurred enterprise technology transaction costs.
In comparison, the revenue from new products or new businesses is relatively good. In 2018, 25.3% of companies had new products or new business sales revenues of over RMB 500,000, but 56.8% of companies still had no sales revenues from new products or new businesses. The proportion is slightly higher than 2017.
Consistent with the previous two surveys, capital and talents are the most important factors restricting enterprise innovation.
In the current survey, 56.3% and 48.7% of the companies listed capital and talent as the main constraints.
The survey shows that the investment in innovation funds of enterprises is obviously insufficient.
In 2018, 89.5% of the companies’ R&D expenditure growth rate was less than 30%, while the proportion of companies with zero or negative growth in R&D expenditure was as high as 71.6%. Compared with the previous two surveys, the growth rate of corporate R&D expenditures dropped significantly.
In terms of specific types of R&D expenses, in 2018, 85.5% of enterprises had technology introduction costs less than 100,000 yuan, and the proportion of companies with technology cooperation costs less than 100,000 yuan was as high as 89.6%. Independent R&D investment is better than technology introduction and foreign cooperation. , But still more than half of enterprises have invested less than 100,000 yuan in independent research and development, accounting for 57.0%.
In terms of human resources, there is a relatively lack of senior technical personnel in startups.
The proportion of R&D personnel in start-up companies is generally higher. In this survey, 60.3% of enterprise R&D personnel accounted for more than 10%, of which 27.7% of enterprise R&D personnel accounted for more than 50%, which was significantly higher than the previous two surveys.
However, there are still 34.1% of corporate R&D personnel accounting for less than 1%.
There are big differences in the educational structure and job title structure of entrepreneurs. In this survey, 74.9% of the companies have a bachelor’s degree or above and more than 30% of employees have a bachelor’s degree or above. , But in the surveyed companies, only 18.3% of the company’s employees have more than 10% of senior professional titles, and only 3.0% of them have more than 50%.
On the one hand, the difference between the educational background structure and the title structure is related to the age structure and actual work experience of the start-up employees. On the other hand, it also reflects to a certain extent the difficulties faced by private enterprises in the evaluation of professional titles and the introduction of senior talents. Improve the evaluation of professional titles and talents. The flow mechanism is still an important part of my country's innovation system reform.
60% of survey respondents are satisfied,
Continuous improvement of innovation and entrepreneurship environment
In recent years, my country has issued a series of policies to promote the development of innovation and entrepreneurship.
In July 2017, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Implementation of Innovation-Driven Development Strategies to Further Promote the In-depth Development of Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation" to speed up the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, expand corporate financing channels, promote the transformation and upgrading of the real economy, improve talent flow incentive mechanisms, and innovate Government management methods and other aspects have been deployed.
In September 2018, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Creating an Upgraded Version of "Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship"", which put forward efforts to promote the upgrading of the innovation and entrepreneurship environment, accelerate the upgrading of the development momentum of innovation and entrepreneurship, and continue to promote entrepreneurship to promote the upgrading of employability. Promote the upgrading of technological innovation support capabilities, vigorously promote the upgrade of innovation and entrepreneurship platform services, further improve innovation and entrepreneurship financial services, accelerate the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship development highlands, and effectively open up policies to implement the "last mile" and other measures.
In this survey, 62.1% of the companies are satisfied with my country's innovation environment, and 63.6% of the companies are satisfied with my country's entrepreneurial environment, which is significantly higher than the previous two surveys.
In the investigation of entrepreneurial constraints, the impact of major constraints has declined overall, especially the constraints of capital and technology have been significantly weakened.
For entrepreneurial infrastructure satisfaction, 63.0% of companies scored more than 6 points in the case of a full score of 9 points, and the proportion of companies scoring more than 8 points reached 26.3%.
The survey shows that 59.2% of enterprises have some understanding of the supporting policies for “double innovation” introduced by local governments.
While the overall environment has improved, survey data show that my country’s innovation and entrepreneurship environment still has much room for improvement.
Among the surveyed companies, 66.0% of the companies believe that they did not enjoy the tax incentives for entrepreneurship, which may be related to their understanding of tax incentives, but among the enterprises that enjoy tax incentives, they believe that the tax incentives are strong or have a larger proportion. 68.9%.
As many as 84.7% of enterprises did not enjoy the sharing of scientific and technological resources, and similar to tax incentives, 64.1% of enterprises that enjoyed related services believed that the effect of sharing scientific and technological resources was "very significant" or "relatively significant."
In addition, the intellectual property protection environment still needs to be improved. 49.9% of the surveyed companies believe that the products may be copied, and 45.1% of the surveyed companies are concerned about the protection of property rights.
In 2020, the sudden new crown pneumonia epidemic will have a greater impact on the normal order of production and life, but the long-term development trend of my country's economy has not changed.
The "Implementation Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Enhancing the Leading Role of Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation Demonstration Bases, Further Promoting Reform, Stabilizing Employment and Strengthening Momentum" proposes to further enhance the leading role of innovation and innovation demonstration bases in promoting reform, stabilizing employment, and strengthening kinetic energy, and promote innovation and innovation. Vigorous development will stimulate market vitality and social creativity to a greater extent.
2021 is the first year that my country will implement the "14th Five-Year Plan" and start a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.
Objectively grasping the laws of innovative entrepreneurial enterprises is of great significance for my country to promote the high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship.