The seed industry is the "lifeline" of modern agricultural development, and the safety of the seed industry is a high-tech war with no visible gunpowder.
The Central Economic Work Conference held not long ago proposed to "fight a turnaround in the seed industry."
Half an hour
His decision makes Chinese breeders no longer subject to others
The Wuyishan Nature Reserve in Fujian Province has beautiful mountains and clear waters and a pleasant climate.
Hidden here is a breeding base that requires strict disinfection before entering.
This is a breeding base for white feather broilers.
The general manager He Zengjie has worked here for almost two years. In order to ensure the safety of the breeding base, they can only go out of the mountain once every two months. Every time they return to the mountain, they have to implement isolation and epidemic prevention measures.
The reporters can only see the situation inside the monitoring room.
White feather broiler is the most consumed broiler, and the source of fried chicken in normal fast food restaurants is also white feather broiler.
The production of white feather broilers in my country started in the 1980s. After 40 years of development, about 4.5 billion chickens are produced every year.
Although white feather meat looks ordinary, the white feather broilers in this breeding base are not simple and require very strict epidemic prevention.
Breeding chickens usually have 5 levels of breed lines, namely pure original breeder → great grandparent breeder → grandparent breeder → 50 parental breeder → 140 commercial breeder, which constitutes a complete broiler In the industrial chain, the fried chicken that we can eat every day is the last commercial broiler.
The original breeder here is at the top of the pyramid.
my country is the second largest producer and consumer of broiler chickens in the world, but the core provenance of white feather broilers has been in the hands of two American companies for a long time. There is a bit of trouble on the other side of the ocean, and China's white feather broiler industry will catch a cold and fever.
Li Jinghui, president of the White Feather Broiler Alliance of the China Animal Husbandry Association, still remembers that after the avian influenza in the United States in 2015, the supply of white feather broilers in China was almost cut off.
Li Jinghui told us that foreign companies only provide ancestral chickens, but only great-grandparent chickens can be kept for breeding, and commercial chickens produced by parents can only be used for laying eggs or meat, and cannot be kept for breeding.
If bred, the variety will be severely degraded.
In 2014, the "National Broiler Genetic Improvement Plan (2014-2025)" clearly stated that by 2025, 2-3 new breeds of white feather broilers that reached the international advanced level in the same period should be bred.
However, it is not easy to catch up with the white feather broiler breeds studied abroad for hundreds of years in a short time.
As the founder of the industry leader, Fu Guangming used his 37 years of experience to understand a truth. If he does not master the core provenance, he will be slaughtered.
In 2015, Fu Guangming made a bold decision to establish a complete domestic white feather broiler original breeder breeding system in six years, so that the white feather broiler has a "Chinese heart".
But this decision requires an initial investment of 800 million yuan, and the company's total annual profit at that time was only 100 million yuan.
Not only that, the equipment and technology for breeding white-feather broiler original breeders are blank in China.
After three years of hard work, Xiao Fan, vice president of Fujian Shengze Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd., and his colleagues went north and south, looking for needles in a haystack, and finally selected excellent ancestral chicken genes. After careful cultivation, four supporting strains of original breeders were made. .
At this critical period, a foreign original breeder supplier came to the door and asked Fu Guangming to make a decision within half an hour. If he continues to cultivate original breeders, foreign companies will stop supply.
Either stop the supply, or take the risk to continue to breed original breeders.
If the cultivation is unsuccessful in the end, not only will the investment of several hundred million yuan be unrecoverable, the enterprise will eventually face life and death.
The supplier's half an hour is as long as a century.
However, Xiao Fan's answer gave Fu Guangming a reassurance, and finally he ordered the supplier to evict the customer.
In May 2019, the first domestic white feather broiler supporting line SZ901 supporting line and the new generation of original breeder chickens were born.
Since then, the white feather broiler has a "Chinese heart", and it has also filled the "non-independent breeder" gap in China's white feather broiler industry.
Due to continued supply cuts by foreign companies, Xiao Fan and the others are now fully localized.
However, in the view of Wen Jie, the chief scientist of the national broiler industry technology system, the successful breeding of domestic white-feather broiler original breeders is only the first step in a long march and solves a problem from scratch.
Annual income of one million
Tan sheep farmers here are now rich
Yanchi County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is the hometown of Tan sheep in China. Hand-grabbing mutton is the most authentic method of Yanchitan sheep. Because of the unique geographical environment, Yanchitan mutton is tender and tasteless, which attracts many tourists from other places.
Even because of the epidemic, some diners requested express delivery.
In Yanchi in winter, the temperature dropped to minus 15 degrees Celsius.
In Liujigou Natural Village, Liu Wenbao is feeding his tan sheep. Winter is the peak period for tan sheep to give birth. These lambs just born this year are all Lao Liu's baby.
Lao Liu raised a total of more than 1,400 sheep. During the peak lambing season in winter, he could earn 200,000 yuan from selling lambs in one month.
Lao Liu has been raising Tan sheep for more than ten years.
In 2013, a tan sheep ewe could sell for 14 to 1500 yuan, but in 2014 and 2015, each tan sheep ewe could only sell for 500 yuan, the price was sufficient. It fell by 70%.
The main reason for the price collapse was that Tanyang's market prospects were not optimistic.
In 2000, Tan sheep was listed as a national secondary protected species by the Ministry of Agriculture, and Yanchi County became the core protection area of Tan sheep germplasm resources.
However, Tan sheep has relatively few births and can only give birth to one child at a time.
Affected by foreign meat sheep, the price of tan sheep fell successively. Many farmers abandoned tan sheep to raise small-tailed Han sheep that had more than a year of birth.
In order to pay off the debt, Lao Liu also tried to raise multiple birth sheep for a period of time.
It turned out that multiple fetus sheep were inferior to Tan sheep in terms of fur and meat quality.
Just when Lao Liu was in a dilemma, the local government began to provide subsidies to farmers in Tan sheep breeding, and regularly distributed pure breed rams and ewes to them. On the one hand, it solved the problem of the exchange of farmers for thousands of years. The habit of breeding sheep, on the other hand, provides the purest breed for the next generation of Tan sheep.
Driven by the government's subsidies for fine varieties, Lao Liu's Tan sheep breeding scale and income have also increased.
In the past two years, his annual net income has reached 1 million yuan. Not only did he pay off his debts early, but he also bought a new house in the county town. In the future, he plans to continue to expand the production of Yanchi Tan sheep.
Behind the changes in Lao Liu's life is the continuous protection of Tan sheep breeds in Yanchi County, Ningxia.
30 kilometers away from Yanchi County, there is a national-level Tan sheep breeding farm established in 1959-Ningxia Yanchi Tan sheep breeding farm.
There are more than 2,300 Tan sheep core breeding groups and more than 3,600 Tan sheep in the new breeding system. It is a treasure house of Yanchi Tan sheep.
Over the past sixty years, generations of Tan sheep breeders have selected and bred the Yanchitan sheep, which used to obtain skins and fur, into the Yanchitan sheep with the simultaneous development of skin and meat quality on the premise of good breed protection. The construction of improved breeding bases has been accelerated to provide more high-quality breeding rams to farmers in the Tan sheep production area, and ensuring genetic purity is the foundation of the development of Tan sheep industry.
From breeding farms to farmers to production and processing, Yanchi County has formed a set of closed loops for the protection of improved Tan sheep breeds.
Yanchi County has continuously invested 500 million yuan in various Tanyang projects in the past 12 years.
Half an hour observation: the development of better breeds in animal husbandry first
"Food is the heaven for the people", and "food" is inseparable from planting and animal husbandry. To a certain extent, the development of animal husbandry is the competition of improved livestock and poultry breeds and genetic resources.
By 2025, the supply rate of the core species of my country's main livestock species will reach 70%, and an improved breeding system that is compatible with modern animal husbandry will be basically established.
To achieve this goal, while the government has increased policy support and other measures, enterprises should also increase investment in capital, technology, and talents, grasp the changes in the international and domestic markets, and develop a group of internationally influential "seed industry" brands , Focus on solving the problem of “stuck neck” of a batch of seed sources.
Solving the "small" problem of seeds will reflect the grand strategy of responding to the changes of the century with a new development pattern from a new starting point.