Granary Heilongjiang: "Seventeen Lianfeng" guards the Chinese rice bowl
In 2020, Heilongjiang will be another bumper year: grain production has achieved the "seventeen harvests". The province’s total grain output reached 150.82 billion jin, accounting for 11.3% of the country’s total output, an increase of 760 million jin compared to 2019. Ranked first in the country for 10 consecutive years.
The more risks and challenges we face, the more we must stabilize agriculture
In the autumn harvest season last year, three typhoons "patrolled" Heilongjiang in succession. The rain was heavy and urgent, making Li Zefeng completely panicked.
Li Zefeng is a rice grower in the Dongjing management area of Suibin Farm of Beidahuang Group. His family grows 375 mu of rice.
"In previous years, one wheeled machine was enough, but in 2020, the rainfall was heavy and the ground was too wet. The wheeled machine could not move. Seeing that the grain could not be collected, I was really confused at that time."
"The farm dispatched more than 200 crawler harvesters from the field. The machinery is already on the way and can be harvested today." At a critical juncture, Liu Deyong, the director of the management area, brought two harvesters to the door and helped Li Zefeng harvest the grain that day.
"Since receiving the typhoon warning, we have organized the mechanical force of the personnel, required each management area to fully grasp the ratio of locomotive power to the harvest task, and count the number of machinery that needs to be supplemented. According to the actual situation, newly purchased and external high-horsepower agricultural locomotives 149 214 sets of external crawler harvesters are dispatched to ensure sufficient harvesting and plowing machinery." said Cui Xinyu, deputy director of the Agricultural Development Department of Suibin Farm.
In the face of natural disasters, to stabilize agriculture, policy guidance and scientific dispatch are even more important.
In response to special circumstances, the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Guiding Opinions on Comprehensively Doing a Good Job in Autumn Harvest Production", requiring all localities to implement them in light of actual conditions and local conditions, and fight against disasters to achieve a good harvest.
"The province's agricultural and rural departments at all levels closely focus on the agricultural season. The four levels of provinces, cities, counties and townships have sent more than 1,000 expert steering groups and 35,000 people to go to the front line." Wang Jinhui, director of the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced.
Protect the black land, the "giant panda in arable land"
The 51-year-old Liu Chunsheng has always loved to wander around in the experimental field in the village reserve in the past two years.
"The black soil in the reserve is indistinguishable from other lands. You can touch it with your hands. It used to be stubborn and hard, but now it is soft. It can be directly lifted up by stepping on the ridges in the ground with your feet. happy!"
Liu Chunsheng is a farmer in Dongxing Village, Qianjin Town, Hailun City, Suihua. In 2012, he led the villagers to establish Dongxing Modern Agricultural Machinery Farmers Cooperative.
In 2018, Hailun City was designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as a pilot county for implementing the black land protection and utilization restructuring system. The cooperative’s 2,000 acres of land became experimental fields. The government organizes the main body to promote the cultivated land rotation system, and fully buried corn and rice straw in the field. Increasing the organic matter content of black soil.
After two years of precipitation, when the autumn harvest last year, dividends gradually appeared.
"In the case of heavy rainfall, the experimental field grew better than other lands. The experimental field increased the yield of soybeans by 22 kg per mu, and the yield of corn by 50 kg per mu. Grain income increased by at least 5 percentage points." Liu Chunsheng said, "the past black Seeing that the land is back, I watched that the ground strength is increasing. Some experts have estimated that the organic matter content can increase by 1% to 3% every year."
“The quality of the cultivated land in the project area has been improved, and the soil fertility has been significantly improved. The black soil layer has reached a maximum depth of 1.2 meters. At the same time, the protected area has also played a demonstrative and leading role, implementing measures such as returning straw to the field, composting organic fertilizer, and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. It has also spontaneously started outside the project area." said Yao Hongwei, director of the Hailun Agriculture and Rural Bureau.
In recent years, Heilongjiang has strictly adhered to the arable land and ecological red line, and adopted various measures such as engineering, agronomy, and biology to protect and make good use of the black land, the "giant panda in arable land". According to different accumulated temperature zones and soil types, the "one pine" has been promoted. There are three modes of "two exemptions", "one over two exemptions" and protective tillage with full coverage. The province's black soil cultivated land protection demonstration area reaches 10 million mu.
Plug in the wings of science and technology for agricultural modernization
"The 352 acres of paddy field I planted is the'Sanjiang No. 6'variety. The quality of rice is good, and it has been planted according to the farm's standard planting pattern. How can it not be harvested!" The granary, Zhang Jinghui, a major grain grower at the Sanjiang Qixing Branch of the Great Northern Wilderness Construction Company, is happy.
Last year's spring planting production, Zhang Jing will use machinery instead of labor, using rail cars to spray pesticides and transport seedlings, which not only saves labor but also improves work efficiency.
In the summer, he also mastered the "digital control" and conducted scientific management by watching the growth of leaf age.
As a "red man" on the farm, surrounding growers often come to him to "learn from his experience", and he is happy to teach everyone his experience.
There is no need to go to the field to collect data, the monitoring point sensors will automatically transmit various element information of the crops to the IoT system, allowing scientific researchers to conduct more comprehensive monitoring and analysis, thanks to the use of the IoT integrated service management platform.
"Intelligent leaf age diagnosis, through the regulation and control of the diagnosis and prediction of the growth of rice in the field, promotes the growth and development of rice, makes the rice better heading and mature, transforms from empirical farming to scientific farming, and continuously improves the level of agricultural science and technology for a good harvest. Provide a solid guarantee." said Zhang Xiaobo, deputy director of Jiansanjiang National Agricultural Science and Technology Park.
"In recent years, Heilongjiang has implemented science and technology to reinvigorate agriculture and strengthen agriculture, adding the wings of science and technology to agricultural modernization. The province's agricultural science and technology contribution rate is expected to reach 68.3%, and the comprehensive mechanization level of farming and harvesting reaches 97%." Wang Jinhui introduced, through the accumulation of temperate zones. The crops recommend 3-5 high-yield varieties, and guide the selection of high-quality varieties, and the coverage rate of high-quality varieties in the province has reached 100%.
The number of high-quality farmers in the province has reached 93,000, and the ranks of grassroots agricultural technicians have stabilized at more than 12,000.
(Reporter Wu Qiqiang Fangyuan)
"People's Daily Overseas Edition" (Version 02 on January 11, 2021)