How to manage bike sharing better?
——Investigation on innovative shared bicycle management methods in Shijiazhuang, Hebei
Chen Fa, reporter of Economic Daily and China Economic Net
While sharing bicycles brings convenience to everyone, it also presents a new test question for city managers.
In the face of the "barbaric growth" and ups and downs of shared bicycles, cities have gradually begun to explore systematic governance methods from the initial stressful treatment.
The reporter found in the investigation and interview in Shijiazhuang, Hebei that a set of effective and gradually systematic management and governance methods are being formed in the local area, so that shared bicycles can achieve "help without adding chaos."
Wang Zhebin is an ordinary office worker in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei. Like office workers in many cities in China, the emergence of shared bicycles has saved him a lot of effort at work, but every day he sees a large number of shared bicycles stacked in disorder on the main road. I also feel that the chaos is an eyesore.
He gradually got used to this feeling of "pain and happiness".
But from which day he felt that the scene he was used to had changed.
"The order is good and the road is open. This change is really gratifying!" Wang Zhebin looked at the neatly arranged and newly planned parking areas, and then enjoyed the convenience brought by shared bicycles. He felt that this was too comfortable. .
From the day when shared bicycles appeared, while bringing convenience and surprise to everyone, they also put forward a new test question for city managers.
Despite the ups and downs in the development of shared bicycles over the years, many cities have had many "new ideas" to answer this question.
The reporter discovered during the investigation and interview that Shijiazhuang has explored a set of effective and systematic management methods in recent years, and strives to make shared bicycles convenient and not disturbing.
Standardized operation and maintenance mode
In the impression of Li Tao, a citizen of Shijiazhuang who is accustomed to taking the subway, there used to be many dusty shared bicycles on the sidewalk at the exit of Shijiazhuang Metro Stadium Station. These neglected bicycles not only failed to meet the riding needs, but also took up urban space. .
But nowadays, in the same place, a new bicycle is scrubbed every day for people to ride. When night falls, the operation and maintenance personnel often see the bicycles taken away for maintenance.
"To make bicycles'live', we must first ensure that the operation and maintenance forces can keep up." According to Wang Xiaolu, head of the City Appearance Supervision Office of the Urban Management Bureau of Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, according to the relevant national industry standards, bicycle sharing companies should be based on the total number of vehicles. Fifty of them are equipped with operation and maintenance personnel, but before this, the number of operation and maintenance personnel in various enterprises could not meet the standard.
In order to urge enterprises to establish a system that meets standards as soon as possible, in recent years, Shijiazhuang City's urban management department and traffic management department have regularly interviewed bicycle-sharing companies to jointly negotiate operation and maintenance management methods.
Over the past few years, the two sides have explored a path for government-enterprise linkage.
In the governance process of shared bicycles in Shijiazhuang City, the "WeChat group of shared bicycle enterprise management" played an important role.
This WeChat group established in 2017 includes the heads of operating companies and Shijiazhuang Urban Management Bureau, Traffic Management Bureau, Transportation Bureau and other departments.
If problems are found, they will be reported to the group as soon as possible, and relevant companies will be instructed to deal with them. If they are not handled in a timely manner, repeatedly violated regulations or refuse to rectify, they will also be dealt with according to law.
"Relevant departments are gradually improving the management of shared bicycles, and our company is also continuously strengthening its own operation and maintenance work." Haro Travel Shijiazhuang area leader Wang Yujiao told reporters that the company has been increasing the number of operation and maintenance personnel and scheduling frequency in recent years At present, the company has more than 1,000 operation and maintenance personnel for shared bicycles and shared mopeds in Shijiazhuang, which can basically guarantee the daily maintenance and release of shared bicycles.
While increasing the number of operation and maintenance personnel, shared bicycle companies have also refined the division of labor for operation and maintenance personnel.
"We divide the urban operation area into grids, each area has a corresponding person in charge, and specific division of labor such as road inspection, maintenance, and dispatching drivers." Wang Yujiao said, once the system finds that the number of bicycles in a certain area exceeds the upper limit Problems such as value, bicycle parking disorder, etc., will be immediately reported back to relevant personnel for quick handling.
Lu Yunliang is a ground inspector for Haro Bikes. He told reporters that each of their operation and maintenance personnel must receive regular training. There are also detailed daily management and evaluation systems, such as how much should be placed in each area and at what time, and fixed points at a fixed time. Recycling, faulty vehicles must be disposed of within the specified time, etc.
"These measures make the management and operation of shared bicycles more standardized, and also give our operation and maintenance personnel a sense of professional belonging. The changes are visible!" Lu Yunliang said with emotion.
Clean up excess bicycles
“The sidewalk here is relatively narrow. Shared bicycles used to take up half of the road, which particularly affected traffic, but in fact they couldn’t use that much. Now the number is less and the parking order is better!” A bus on Jianhua South Street, Shijiazhuang City Standing by the side, citizen Liu Kai told reporters.
In order to keep the number of shared bicycles within a reasonable range, Shijiazhuang City has started to control the total number of bicycles since the end of 2017 and strive to "subtract".
"For a new thing like shared bicycles, we lacked the corresponding management experience at the beginning. It was like crossing a river by feeling the stones. Various management systems were gradually improved through groping." Xu Yanbo, Director of Transportation Department, Shijiazhuang City Transportation Bureau Introduced, shared bicycles frequently appear chaotic, to a certain extent because the amount of delivery exceeds the city's carrying capacity.
At the beginning of 2017, since the first batch of shared bicycles appeared in Shijiazhuang, the development trend has been rapid. In just over half a year, the number of shared bicycles of various brands in the urban area reached 320,000, with a maximum of 400,000.
Lu Yunliang, who has worked in companies such as "OFO", "Mobike", and "Hello", said bluntly: "At that time, there were no industry standards. Even if they moved around, there was a large turnover of personnel. It didn't feel like a formal job." Said that at that time, the operation and maintenance personnel were able to take up their posts with the strength.
However, due to the excessive number of bicycles, the operation and maintenance force cannot keep up. Many bicycles have been parked on the side of the road for a long time without maintenance. They have become "zombie vehicles", and many faulty vehicles have not been repaired in time.
Facing the chaos, Shijiazhuang City Transportation Bureau began to investigate the utilization rate of shared bicycles and the number of bicycles in each parking area.
On this basis, use big data analysis to estimate the city's carrying capacity for shared bicycles, and accordingly require companies to gradually reduce the number of bicycles and regularly submit release data.
In July 2020, Shijiazhuang City Urban Management Bureau, Transportation Bureau, Traffic Management Bureau and other departments launched a joint rectification and acceptance of the reduction in the number of shared bicycles in the urban area.
After inspection, all bicycle sharing companies have completed the reduction work as required.
As of the end of July this year, the total number of shared bicycles and shared mopeds in Shijiazhuang City was about 230,000, and the cumulative reduction of bicycle companies was 100,000.
At the same time, relevant departments have streamlined more than 200 parking points and set up more than 90 prohibited parking points based on the situation of daily siltation points.
Government-enterprise collaboration
To achieve effective management, we must first clarify the issue of "who is in charge".
As early as 2017, Shijiazhuang City clarified the main responsibilities of public security, urban management and other relevant departments and enterprises.
The Urban Management Bureau regularly interviews shared bicycle companies and organizes centralized clean-up activities to ensure that shared bicycles are parked in a standardized and orderly manner; the Transportation Bureau scientifically and reasonably determines the number of shares based on the urban traffic carrying capacity; the Traffic Management Bureau is responsible for penalties for illegal activities of riding shared bicycles .
In general, a working model of "government management platform, platform management user, multi-party governance, government-enterprise collaboration, and close interaction" has been formed.
"Through policies to guide citizens, enterprises, and the government to achieve tripartite governance, enterprises can better play the role of market players, encourage healthy competition, and stimulate market vitality." Wang Xiaolu said.
The use of scientific and technological intelligence to manage shared bicycle parking is an important part.
When interviewing at the exit of Xinbai Square Metro Station in Shijiazhuang City, the reporter saw that many citizens parked and used shared bicycles in the three-dimensional frame on the sidewalk.
Citizen Zhang Jian said with emotion: "In the past, bicycles were placed on the sidewalk, and parking too many would get in the way. Now with this parking rack, it will not occupy other space."
Since June this year, Shijiazhuang City has successively built a number of three-dimensional shared bicycle frames next to the exits of subway stations such as No. 2 Middle Station and Xinbai Square Station. The convenient parking feature not only reduces the urban space occupied by shared bicycles, but also On the basis of maintaining the original position, the shared bicycle parking area has been "doubled".
The reporter learned that there are electronic tags on the parking racks, which can query various information related to shared bicycles, such as parking areas, no parking areas, no investment areas, etc., if random parking is found, immediately notify the bicycle through the smart platform Management staff handle.
Wang Xiaolu said: “At present, Shijiazhuang City’s shared bicycles have added no-parking areas on the basis of electronic fences and reduced parking spots in hot spots.”
"Enterprises have made great progress in the management of shared bicycles, and they are also inseparable from the use of technological means." Wang Yujiao said, in August 2019, Haro Travel released the intelligent system "Hello Brain 2.0", based on big data, algorithms and other underlying layers Technology, to achieve intelligent planning, intelligent scheduling, intelligent order dispatching and other full-link operation decisions for shared bicycles and shared mopeds, so as to achieve the optimal matching of capacity in time, space and user needs.
At present, Shijiazhuang City has basically built a government-enterprise informatization co-management platform. It has a comprehensive grasp of vehicle numbers, operation and maintenance personnel information and other data, and real-time updates of vehicle distribution, vehicle trajectories, frequency of use, electronic fences and other information.
Strictly control access
The citizen Xu Ming can be regarded as the first batch of users of shared bicycles in Shijiazhuang.
He told reporters that in the past few years, there were few shared bicycles available in a row, and they could not be resolved to the company. "Not only is the bicycle failure rate low, but the company's services are getting better and better."
Like many cities in China, Shijiazhuang has experienced the "barbaric growth period" of shared bicycles in recent years. It is urgent to increase the supervision of bicycle companies and establish a strict entry and exit mechanism.
In September 2019, Yuhua District of Shijiazhuang City issued and implemented the "Internet Rental Bicycle Enterprise Operation Service Evaluation Measures", based on the ratio of personnel to vehicles, vehicle delivery management, vehicle delivery order, corporate cooperation level, vehicle information sharing, emergency safeguard measures, and vehicles 10 items including turnover rate, vehicle integrity rate, independent innovation of enterprises, public satisfaction, etc. carry out assessment and evaluation of shared bicycle companies.
Enterprises that fail three times in a row will be closed for rectification; those that have been closed for rectification twice in a row will be forced out and withdrawn from the market.
Shijiazhuang City Transportation Bureau has also formulated a strict entry and exit mechanism.
Only after passing the assessment, the company can officially enter.
“Being stationed does not mean peace of mind. Relevant departments will also supervise and assess the operation and service management of enterprises.” Xu Yanbo said that for companies that do not meet the standards, they will limit their launch scale and achieve dynamic quotas for the Internet rental bicycle market.
Companies that complain and report more to the masses and operate irregularly will reduce their number of launches until they exit the market.
Liu Kai, head of the Shijiazhuang area of Qingju Bikes, told reporters that before moving to Shijiazhuang in April 2018, relevant departments conducted research and evaluation on the company’s qualifications and reputation, and required the company to provide detailed management and operation plans. Have an interview every month.
"With the establishment of government-enterprise coordination, bicycle scrapping and other mechanisms, as well as the improvement of infrastructure such as parking areas, the Shijiazhuang shared bicycle industry is developing in a more benign and stable direction." Liu Kai believes that reasonable control will urge enterprises to continuously improve management and operations System, thus forming healthy competition, which is undoubtedly beneficial to the healthy development of the shared bicycle industry and enterprises.
Chen Fa