Soaring more than 1,000 yuan! From less than 4,000 yuan, sold for a good price of 5,000 yuan! The "feed" of the past is now sold out
my country is the world's largest soybean consumer, accounting for nearly 30% of global soybean consumption, of which imported soybeans account for more than 80% of my country's soybean consumption.
It is now the autumn harvest season. A few days ago, the reporter of "Economic Half an Hour" went to Heilongjiang, the main soybean producing area, to conduct an investigation.
Once, imported soybeans occupied the market
Today, domestic soybeans are about to break through
Heilongjiang suffered three consecutive typhoons this year. Soybeans in many places have fallen. However, the soybean varieties grown by Guan Jianmin, Fumin Village, Bayan County have not fallen, and they are growing well.
Soybeans grown by Guan Jianmin
Guan Jianmin peeled off a few pods. The reporter saw that the beans inside had turned golden yellow, and the shape was gradually returning to a round shape. In about ten days, as the moisture further decreases, the beans will change further. round.
Beans
Guan Jianmin, a villager of Fumin Village, Bayan Town, Bayan County, Heilongjiang Province
As the country increased subsidies for soybean planting in the past two years, Guan Jianmin planted more than 60 acres of soybeans last year, with an average yield of more than 360 catties per acre. Although the sales price was not ideal, the land price was only 1.6 yuan per catty, but the arable land was added. The protection subsidy is 72.4 yuan per mu, the farmland rotation subsidy is 150 yuan per mu, and the soybean grower subsidizes 255 yuan per mu. The gross income of one mu of land can reach 1,000 yuan. Income can reach two to three hundred yuan.
Guan Jianmin
The price of domestic soybeans this year is around 2.5 yuan per catty, which is eight or nine cents higher than the price of soybeans at harvest last year, so Guan Jianmin still planted soybeans this year.
In Xiji Town, Bayan County, the Qiufeng Farmers’ Rice Planting Cooperative has planted 7,000 mu of soybeans of different varieties this year.
Due to the impact of the typhoon in the early period, soybeans have slightly fallen down.
The head of the cooperative Yang Jiwei told the reporter of "Economic Half an Hour" that since the soybean stalks are not broken, the nutrients can still be delivered to the whole plant, so the impact on the later production will not be very large. The yield per mu should reach nearly 400 jin. The average yield per mu of soybeans planted by a single farmer is 40 or 50 catties higher than that of farmers.
Soybeans grown by Yang Jiwei
In addition, the Qiufeng Cooperative also planted dozens of mu of new soybean varieties this year.
Yang Jiwei said that if the yield of soybeans per mu is more than 400 catties, even if it is high yield, the total cost of soybeans per mu is 760 yuan. If the purchase price of soybeans reaches more than 2 yuan per catty, plus soybean subsidies, then the benefits of planting soybeans will appear.
Soybean revitalization
Nothing less than yield and quality
In 2013, due to the impact of imported soybeans, the soybean planting area in Heilongjiang Province once dropped to 31.05 million mu, which was a half of the 60 million mu in 2005.
With the state's support for the domestic soybean industry in recent years, the soybean planting area in Heilongjiang Province has increased significantly, reaching 64.19 million mu in 2019.
Li Yanhua, a researcher at the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is known as the "Golden Damselfly". On this day, she was selecting some soybean plants that grew well and did not fall in the typhoon.
Because this is a rare opportunity to test the disease resistance and lodging resistance of soybeans.
Li Yanhua selects soybean plants
Li Yanhua, researcher, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Li Yanhua has been engaged in soybean breeding after graduating from university in 1990. For 30 years, he has cultivated 11 high-quality soybean varieties of Dongsheng series, with a yield of more than 400 kg per mu.
The yield per mu of this piece of soybeans should be around 480 kg, and the protein content will exceed 40%.
This is also the normal yield per mu of imported soybeans from abroad.
In fact, there are many excellent varieties of domestic soybeans, but China has a vast territory, from south to north belonging to different accumulated temperate zones, and the planting conditions are very different, and the land of farmers is scattered, and there is no intensive, large-scale and standardized planting. As a result, there is a gap between the average output of domestic soybeans and imported soybeans.
Chen Qingshan, Dean of College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University
Luan Xiaoyan, a researcher at the Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, began to engage in soybean breeding in 1985, cultivating 24 soybean varieties, 10 of which have obtained the national protection rights for new soybean varieties.
For more than 30 years, she has experienced the ups and downs of domestic soybeans, especially in those years when imported soybeans were impacted. The planting area of domestic soybeans shrank sharply, and the research work of breeding and breeding was also extremely difficult.
The research funding is low and the brain drain is serious. When Luan Xiaoyan's team is most difficult, there are only two people left.
Luan Xiaoyan said that even in the most difficult times, their breeding work has not stopped.
Now the country attaches great importance to the soybean industry and has given more policy support, which is a major benefit to soybean breeding.
Luan Xiaoyan
At present, the main purpose of imported genetically modified soybeans is to extract oil, and the soybean meal after oil extraction can be used as feed.
Domestic soybeans are mainly used for food, for example, to make tofu, bean sprouts, yuba, bean paste, soy sauce and so on.
Soy products
Liu Hongwei, chairman of Heilongjiang Baqi Grain and Oil Co., Ltd., told reporters that in the past, the soybean meal after the company's oil extraction was sold as feed, but due to cost reasons, it could not compete with imported soybeans.
Now they select and polish domestic soybeans, and in the future they will peel them. This will not only improve the quality of soybean oil, but also produce food-grade soybean meal. The price has increased from less than 4,000 yuan a ton in the past to the present. The 5,000 yuan per ton of the company is still in short supply. Now 70% of the company’s revenue comes from soybean meal.
Liu Hongwei, Chairman of Heilongjiang Baqi Grain and Oil Co., Ltd.
Liu Hongwei believes that once the deep processing industry chain of domestic soybeans is elongated and the added value increases, the price of domestic soybeans will naturally increase, and the price increase will drive more farmers to plant soybeans, which will also bring benefits to breeding R&D and seed companies. Income, in this way, will form a benign interactive industrial chain of scientific research, promotion, planting, and processing.
[Half-hour observation] Soybean revitalization: variety innovation is the key
On September 22, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs stated that in recent years, my country has accelerated the implementation of the soybean revitalization plan, grasping the source, and promoting the innovation of soybean varieties.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the state invested 38.2 million yuan each year to support experts in research on soybean genetic improvement, pest control, cultivation, mechanization, and processing. At present, the country has selected high-oil, high-protein, and high-yield products. There are 247 new soybean varieties.
The state is considering building a national soybean seed production base based on the large counties of Heilongjiang soybean seed breeding base during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.
Continue to carry out joint research on improved soybean varieties, improve the yield and quality of domestic soybeans, and promote the competitiveness of domestic soybeans.
Source: CCTV Finance "Economy Half an Hour" Producer: Chen Yongqing Editor of this article: Dai Yuanjun