During an inspection in Shaanxi, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we must fully implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, adhere to the general tone of the work of seeking progress while maintaining stability, adhere to the new development concept, and do a solid job of stabilizing employment, finance, foreign trade, foreign investment, investment, and stability. The expected work is to fully implement the tasks of ensuring the employment of residents, ensuring basic people's livelihood, ensuring market players, ensuring food and energy security, ensuring the stability of the supply chain of the industrial chain, and ensuring basic operations.
The realization of "six stability" and "six guarantees" is currently the most important task and task facing the whole party and the people of the whole country, and it is also the foundation of the stable development of my country's economy and society at this stage.
Among the "six stability" and "six guarantees", employment issues are the top priority. Doing a good job in employment is the key to achieving the "six stability" and "six guarantees."
Stable employment is the bull nose of "six stability"
"Six Stability" was first proposed at the Politburo meeting of the CPC Central Committee held on July 31, 2018.
At that time, the external environment of my country's economic development has undergone significant changes, and the overall situation in which the economic operation is stable and progressing has shown a trend of stability and change.
In accordance with the changes in the situation, the Party Central Committee clearly stated that “we must do a good job in stabilizing employment, stabilizing finance, stabilizing foreign trade, stabilizing foreign investment, stabilizing investment, and stabilizing expectations”, and regards the “six stability” as the basic requirement for achieving economic stability.
It can be seen that the "six stability" was put forward by the Party Central Committee when China's economic development has entered a new normal, the external environment has undergone major changes, and the downward pressure on the economy has increased. Its goal is to continue to maintain under the changed situation. Stable and healthy economic development.
After the "Six Stability" was put forward, my country's economy has withstood the impact of changes in the external environment and has continued to maintain a steady and positive development momentum.
"Six Stables" work is a myriad of things, among which stable employment is the best.
This year’s government work report did not mention specific targets for economic growth for the whole year, but it put forward specific employment targets in terms of the total number of new urban jobs and the unemployment rate (including the surveyed unemployment rate and the registered unemployment rate), emphasizing the priority of stability. Employment to protect people's livelihood, resolutely win the battle against poverty, and strive to achieve the goal and task of building a well-off society in an all-round way shows that stable employment has a special status and role in the "six stability" and the realization of stable economic development.
Employment is the link that connects production, exchange, distribution, and consumption. It affects economic development from all aspects and links of social production. Therefore, stabilizing employment is actually stabilizing the economy.
Employment and economic development are mutually reinforcing.
From a production perspective, in general, the more production develops, the higher the economic growth rate, the more labor required, and the easier it is to solve the employment problem.
Therefore, the fundamental way to stabilize employment is to stabilize production and stabilize the economy.
Conversely, the more full employment, especially if the unemployed workers reemploy after improving their labor skills, or the workers achieve employment or reemployment through entrepreneurship, the more they can promote economic development and increase economic growth.
If the supply of social labor is insufficient, it will affect the production and economic development of enterprises; if the social labor structure is unreasonable and cannot adapt to the needs of changes in the production structure, structural unemployment will occur.
This will not only increase the unemployment rate, but also affect economic development.
From the perspective of consumption, consumer demand is one of the troikas driving economic growth. The greater the consumer demand, the greater the driving force for economic growth.
But only consumer demand with the ability to pay can constitute the actual driving force for economic growth.
Consumers' ability to pay mainly comes from labor income from employment. Therefore, employment is the foundation of people's livelihood and an important source of driving force for economic growth.
There is a close relationship between the "six stability", in which stable employment plays a leading and guaranteeing role.
Such as stabilizing employment and stabilizing finance.
Finance is the core of the modern market economy. The integration of finance and the real economy promotes each other. Finance serves the real economy, and the real economy further promotes financial development.
Stabilizing employment can stabilize the development of the real economy, thereby promoting financial stability.
Stabilizing employment has a similar relationship with stabilizing foreign trade, foreign investment, and investment.
On the one hand, stabilizing foreign trade, stabilizing foreign investment and stabilizing investment also require the support of stabilizing employment. This is particularly important for the resumption of work and production under the impact of the epidemic; on the other hand, stabilizing foreign trade, stabilizing foreign capital and stabilizing investment are also from different perspectives. Different aspects guarantee and promote the stable and healthy development of the economy, and ultimately help to achieve stable employment.
The relationship between stable employment and stable expectations is also very close and affects each other.
In the final analysis, stabilizing expectations is to increase people's confidence in economic and social stability and progress, and stable employment is a prerequisite for enhancing this confidence.
Ensuring employment for residents is the ballast stone of the "six guarantees"
The "six guarantees" were first proposed at the Politburo meeting of the CPC Central Committee held on April 17 this year.
Affected by the epidemic, my country's GDP experienced negative growth in the first quarter. While reiterating the "six stability", the meeting further proposed the "six guarantees."
The "six guarantees" embodies the bottom line thinking of ensuring the normal operation of the economy and society.
The goals of the "six guarantees" and the "six stability" are the same, both of which are to ensure the stable development of the economy and progress while maintaining stability. However, relative to "stability", the emphasis on "guarantee" is deeper and stronger. Time is tighter.
At the same time, the normal operation of the economy is inseparable from the normal operation of the society. "Guarantee" must not only ensure the normal operation of the economy, but also the normal operation and stability of the society.
Similar to the stable employment in the "six guarantees", guaranteeing the employment of residents is also placed at the top of the "six guarantees".
It can be said that ensuring the employment of residents is the ballast stone of the "six guarantees". Only when the employment of residents is preserved can other aspects be preserved.
Guaranteeing the employment of residents is completely consistent with guaranteeing the basic livelihood of the people.
Employment itself is a livelihood issue, and it is the biggest livelihood of the people.
Without employment, not only the people's livelihood is incomplete, but because of the inability to obtain labor income, many problems in the people's livelihood cannot be solved except by social relief.
The party and the state have always attached great importance to the issue of people's livelihood, so they also pay special attention to the employment of residents.
The top two in the "six guarantees" are to ensure employment and basic livelihood of residents.
Ensuring the stability of market players and the supply chain of the industrial chain is to emphasize ensuring the normal operation and stability of the economy and society from the perspective of social production and reproduction.
These two aspects are also closely related to ensuring the employment of residents.
On the one hand, to ensure the stability of market players and the supply chain of the industrial chain must be guaranteed and supported by residents; on the other hand, only by maintaining the stability of market players and the supply chain of the industrial chain can we provide conditions and space for residents' employment.
The reason why the "six guarantees" were put forward in time on the basis of the "six stability", and employment stability and residents' employment were put in the first place of the "six guarantees" and the "six guarantees" were to overcome the impact of the epidemic and the unstable international economic environment The impact of increased uncertainty ensures the stable operation of my country's economy and society.
Among them, employment is the most important issue that connects and affects other aspects.
Therefore, to do a good job of the "six guarantees", we must first grasp the ballast of ensuring the employment of residents, and promote the in-depth development of several other tasks by ensuring the employment of residents.
This year's government work report pointed out that the "six guarantees" are the focus of this year's "six stability" work.
Maintaining the bottom line of the "six guarantees" can stabilize the economic fundamentals; promoting stability and seeking progress while maintaining stability can lay a solid foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way.
Do everything possible to do a good job in employment
Employment is not only the greatest livelihood of the people, but also the most basic and most important job for achieving the "six stability" and "six guarantees" so as to realize steady progress and stability in economic and social development. We must do everything possible to do a good job in employment.
The first is to implement the employment priority strategy and implement a proactive employment policy.
At present, the epidemic has caused a serious impact on the employment of all countries, directly affecting the operation and development of various countries and the world economy.
The employment priority strategy is a long-term economic and social development strategy formulated by our country according to its own national conditions. An active employment policy is also a long-term economic and social policy implemented by our country. To deal with the impact of the epidemic and achieve stable economic development, we must implement and implement good employment. Priority strategies and active employment policies.
The so-called employment priority strategy refers to the promotion and realization of full employment as the priority goal of economic and social development when formulating economic and social development plans and development strategies, placing it in the priority position of various measures to promote economic and social development, and paying more attention to the selection of benefits. The economic and social development strategy and development path of expanding employment. When the employment goal is in conflict with other goals, other goals must be subordinate to the employment goal.
In particular, we must strengthen the government's responsibility to promote employment.
This year's government work report did not put forward a specific GDP growth target, but put forward a detailed employment target, which is a concrete manifestation of the employment priority strategy.
Any strategy requires corresponding policy and strategic support.
The implementation of the employment priority strategy requires active employment policy support.
The so-called active employment policy is a loose policy that is conducive to employment.
According to the development and changes of the employment situation, economic structure and employment priorities, various employment policies should be adjusted, enriched and perfected in a timely manner, and the coordination and cooperation between industrial policies, technical policies, fiscal policies, monetary policies, and other measures and employment policies should be strengthened. We will increase fiscal, taxation, and financial support for employment, and vigorously support the development of modern service industries, labor-intensive industries, and small, medium and micro enterprises that are capable of absorbing employment.
The second is to carry out in-depth "double innovation and double promotion" activities to further enhance the scale and level of employment in my country.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country has introduced a series of policy measures to support mass entrepreneurship and innovation, namely "double innovation".
Recently, in accordance with the new situation of normalization of epidemic prevention and control, several new measures have been proposed to promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, namely "double promotion".
Under the guidance and support of these policies and measures, my country has made significant progress and achievements in entrepreneurship and innovation, and made important contributions to solving the employment problem.
In general, although innovation and entrepreneurship can promote each other, when innovation is the first driving force for development, it is easier for entrepreneurship to succeed if innovation is used to promote entrepreneurship.
Otherwise, entrepreneurship will encounter many difficulties.
Innovation includes technological innovation, management innovation, institutional mechanism innovation, and business model innovation. No matter what kind of innovation results are used to carry out entrepreneurial activities, they can generally gain advantages in entrepreneurship.
As for the relationship between entrepreneurship and employment, it is obvious that entrepreneurship can promote and drive employment.
One person's entrepreneurship can bring employment opportunities for several people, and a successful entrepreneur can bring thousands of people to employment.
It is believed that through vigorously carrying out "double innovation and double promotion" activities, insisting on promoting entrepreneurship through innovation and promoting employment through entrepreneurship, the scale and level of employment in our country will be further enhanced.
The third is to adopt multiple channels and multiple methods to effectively do a good job in the employment of all types of personnel.
This year's government work report puts forward the employment targets of over 9 million new jobs in urban areas, an urban surveyed unemployment rate of about 6%, and an urban registered unemployment rate of about 5.5%.
This target is compared with the target set out in the 2019 government work report. The number of new urban jobs decreased by 2 million, but the urban surveyed unemployment rate and urban registered unemployment rate increased by 0.5 and 1 percentage points respectively, indicating the pressure and realization of employment. Employment is even more difficult, which is mainly caused by the impact of the epidemic.
Faced with the severe employment situation, this year's government work report proposed different paths and different ways to promote the employment of all types of people.
That is, strengthen employment support for key industries and key groups.
For college graduates, to promote market-oriented and socialized employment, colleges and universities and local governments must provide continuous employment services.
Provide job security for veterans.
Implement a policy of equal access to employment services for migrant workers in places of employment.
Help the disabled, zero-employment families and other needy groups to find jobs.
In addition, a policy of voluntary deferred payment of social security fees has been implemented for hundreds of millions of flexible employees, including part-time workers, and for low-income people, all administrative and institutional fees related to employment have been cancelled.
At the same time, training and stabilizing jobs are carried out through government funding, and through training, more workers can increase their labor skills, so that they can get good and stable employment.
The above-mentioned employment policies and measures are just some general directions and basic principles, and governments at all levels and relevant units should also refine and innovate according to specific conditions when implementing them.
For example, for veterans, in addition to the military and governments at all levels, all aspects of society must pay attention, care and support; for the disabled, zero-employment families and other needy groups, we must increase policy support. The units that accept their employment should receive certain financial support or preferential taxation.
In short, as long as the whole society cares about and supports employment work, and earnestly implements the various policies and measures concerning employment work proposed by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, we will definitely be able to accomplish this year’s employment goals and tasks, and implement and complete the "six stability" and "six stability." The various tasks of "guarantee" ensure that our country's economic and social development progresses in a stable and positive direction.
(Author: Zhu Xiaojing Zhou Shaopeng, respectively Department of the CPC Central Committee Party School] [National School of Administration professor, the CPC Shandong Provincial Party School] [Shandong Administration Institute and Associate Professor)