Multiple departments jointly issued policies to encourage the development of new individual economies and expand the employment space of new occupations——
Engaging in a "new individual" is also a real employment (new individual·new employment (part 1))
Carrying anchors, e-sports players, official account bloggers, micro-business e-commerce... these things that were once considered by many to be "just temporary work and not yet employed" are now "official announcements."
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments jointly issued the "Opinions on Supporting the Healthy Development of New Business Forms and New Models, Activating the Consumer Market and Promoting Employment Expansion", proposing to encourage the development of new individual economies and open up new opportunities for employment. At the same time, the Ministry of Education issued a notice clarifying that when statistics on employment data of college graduates, the “self-employment” aspect includes the opening of online stores, and the “freelance” aspect includes Internet marketers, official account bloggers, and e-sports workers. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the State Administration of Market Supervision, and the National Bureau of Statistics have also released a number of new occupations to the society, and the careers of leading goods anchors have become "justified" occupations. Most of these new businesses for entrepreneurship and employment fall within the scope of the "new individual economy".
The three new employment policies released in July have aroused social concern. Will the new profession be widely accepted by young people, especially college graduates? Who will do "new individuals"? How much does the new business format and new individuals drive employment?
"Three hundred and sixty lines, the best in the line"
——Most of the new professions based on the digital economy are characterized by autonomy and flexibility. Some do not have strict labor contracts, but with good income, they are more typical "new individuals".
Xiao Guo, a "post-90s" graduate from Peking University, works in Chaoyang Joy City, Beijing. During the epidemic prevention and control period, her work location has changed from offline to online. “I’m doing live broadcasts on Joy City’s APP to bring goods to physical stores.” Xiao Guo told reporters that this year’s live broadcasts have become popular, and every time he makes a live broadcast, he can generate considerable sales. "Live streaming has always been a way for us to sell. I heard that Internet marketers have become a new profession recently. We are also very happy in this profession. Hope this profession has a better development prospect in the future." Say.
This time, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the State Administration of Market Supervision, and the National Bureau of Statistics released to the society blockchain engineering and technical personnel, urban management grid personnel, Internet marketers, information security testers, blockchain application operators, and online learning 9 new professions, including service technicians, community health assistants, elders' ability assessors, and additive manufacturing equipment operators. This is the third batch of China's releases since the promulgation of the "National Occupation Classification Ceremony (2015 Edition)" New career.
"The development of Internet technology has given birth to diversified entrepreneurship and employment models." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that in the commodity market, with the rise of online marketing industries such as short video and live streaming, the number of users covered reached more than 800 million. , The number of Internet marketing professionals is growing rapidly at a rate of 8.8% per month, and a large number of small, medium and micro enterprises have also stimulated vitality due to online direct sales methods, directly bringing in turnover of 100 billion yuan. "These live broadcast salesmen who use the interactivity and communication credibility of the network on the digital information platform to conduct multi-platform marketing and promotion of enterprise products have been recognized and favored by the majority of enterprises and consumers."
Previously, a number of trendy occupations such as e-sports players have taken the lead to be included in the new nationally certified occupations. It is worth mentioning that most of these occupations have the characteristics of strong autonomy, long working hours, and flexible workplaces. Some do not have strict labor contracts, but they often have good income.
"My son has wanted to be an e-sports player since junior high school, but I have always felt that this is not a serious profession." Aunt Pan, who lives in Nanjing, told reporters that his son has excellent grades and is talented in playing games. "Since the e-sports player became a new profession, my son has been popularizing science with me every day. Now I think playing games is also a sport. If my son wants to be an athlete, then I will support him in chasing his dream." Aunt Pan said, "After all, three One hundred and sixty lines, the top pick, as long as he works hard, no matter what profession he is engaged in, he will have a lot of world."
On Bilibili Barrage.com, the hour is a professional "up master" with more than 600,000 fans. "Before I went to college, I used my spare time to upload videos to the Internet. It has been 5 years now. In the beginning, everyone was'powering for love' and never thought about making money by making videos." said Xiao, "Now I Each video’s playback volume, number of likes, number of coins, etc. can be converted into real revenue. If a video’s playback volume exceeds one million, the revenue will be around four to five thousand yuan."
At present, China's digital economy is developing well, with early start-up, good environment, lively business conditions, and new models, which have huge potential for activating consumption and driving employment. According to the person in charge of the Department of Innovation and High-Tech Development of the National Development and Reform Commission, a large number of new business models and new models have emerged rapidly. In addition to the new professions recently announced by the relevant departments as "registration", it has also spawned a large number of job opportunities and opened up new innovations for people. Rich channels. The state will actively cultivate new individuals and support self-employment, including support for diversified self-employment and time-sharing employment such as micro-business e-commerce, webcasting, etc. At the same time, it encourages commercial banks to promote online and offline integrated credit services to reasonably reduce these “new individuals” "The financing cost of ", guide Internet platform enterprises to reduce the service fees involved in "new individuals" using Internet platform transactions.
Why get the official announcement?
——The new profession is not artificially designed, but naturally generated, and is a reflection of the upgrading of the industrial structure and the improvement of the quality of life of residents
In the past two years, the release of new professions has accelerated. What kind of standards and certification procedures are needed to become a new profession certified by the country?
"The new profession is selected and determined in accordance with the procedures based on the public solicitation from the public, after evaluation and demonstration by professional classification experts, public opinion solicitation." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said. The reporter learned that the "birth" of every new profession requires comprehensive consideration of multiple dimensions. Among them, "technical/uniqueness" has the highest weight, which represents whether the profession is new enough and whether it reflects the emergence of new industries and new formats; the second highest weight is social, which reflects whether the profession can drive more Employment of the labor force has more market prospects; the stability of the profession judges the employment environment and development space of the laborers in the new profession; the group nature of the profession takes into account the scale of the current practitioners and the future development of this new profession Whether there is vitality.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security pointed out that since the beginning of this year, many employees in related positions have played an active role in the fight against the new crown pneumonia epidemic. Among them, the elderly ability assessors who provide the elderly in need with life activity ability, cognitive ability and other health conditions measurement and evaluation, use health and Internet knowledge and skills to provide community people with services such as medical treatment and health consultation, agency, and escort Community health assistants in, using digital learning platforms (tools) to provide learners with personalized, accurate, timely and effective learning planning, learning guidance, support services and evaluation feedback online learning service teachers and other new professions came into being.
The continuous emergence of new occupations is a vivid portrayal of contemporary China's economic and social development and changes. "The emergence of new occupations is an economic and social phenomenon, but also a natural historical process." Chen Yu, a senior expert of the China Employment Promotion Association, pointed out in an interview with our reporter that new occupations are not artificially designed, but are based on historical changes and changes. Naturally produced in social development. "At present, the platform of social production is changing. Digital industry and industrial digitalization are becoming the new economic foundation in the future. It is not surprising that a large number of new occupations appear in this field." Chen Yu said, "The birth and development of new occupations It not only expands the space for people to choose their own jobs and pursue their dreams, but also injects unprecedented vitality into society."
"In the future, new occupations will become an important supplement to traditional occupations." Yang Weiguo, a professor at the School of Labor and Human Resources of Renmin University of China, believes that the emergence of new employment forms in the digital economy era is not only the result of the continuous development of new industries and new formats, but also a better life for people. The reflection of demand in the field of employment. "Relying on the new business form of the Internet, more new occupations will emerge one after another in the future, and these new occupations will jointly form the backbone of the upgrading of the service industry structure and the high quality of life of residents."
Escort the "new individual" to go steady and well
——The rights and interests protection policies that adapt to new employment forms are being improved rapidly, providing a growth stage for new individuals and new occupations
Driven by new professions and individuals, employment is stabilizing.
The China Employment Research Institute of Renmin University of China and Zhaolian Recruitment recently jointly released the "New Graduates' Employment Market Boom Report for the Second Quarter of 2020", showing that the university employment boom index has continued to improve with the continuous improvement of domestic epidemic prevention and control and the strong support of national policies. In the gradual recovery, in terms of industries and occupations, there is a large gap in new occupations and new infrastructure talents, which have become the employment growth point for fresh graduates. With the rapid development of the live broadcast economy during the epidemic and the formalization of new professions such as "Internet marketers", the industry's recruitment demand for fresh graduates in this quarter increased by 349% and 300% year-on-year and month-on-month respectively. According to data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the first quarter of this year had a sluggish start to employment. As the resumption of work and production progressed steadily in the second quarter, the employment stabilization measures were fully implemented, the labor market demand heated up, and the employment situation gradually stabilized.
New business formats and new occupations bring new opportunities, but they also face practical problems such as unstable income and incomplete service guarantees. Will being a new individual just stand on the "window" for a while?
Xiao told reporters that she was going to sign a company after graduating from college to become a professional voice actor. "It's too difficult to be a full-time up host. Sometimes ideals will be defeated by reality, thinking that the manuscript will have a good response, but often not as expected." Duo Duo said, "I think the main problem is the unstable income of this career. A video The revenue is too small, and the promotion of sponsors also requires a certain fan base. These are constantly changing and there is no fixed number."
"Any profession has its own law of development. Although many new professions may not have corresponding social security, matching wages, etc., they have a corresponding development process and require the state to slowly introduce supporting policies." Chen Yu believes that some occupations may only be short-lived in the process of historical development, but the occupations that are truly needed by society will remain. As the technological revolution accelerates and the pace of social advancement accelerates, an increasingly inclusive and open talent policy opens the door to dreams for more groups and also gives new careers more opportunities for growth.
The new form of employment has put forward new requirements for employment service security, and relevant departments have begun to improve.
"Employers based on the Internet platform have a relatively flexible'cooperative' relationship with the platform. They also have the same needs for related protection. It is necessary to explore rights protection policies that adapt to new employment forms to further stimulate the enthusiasm of the whole society to innovate, start business and create wealth. "The relevant person in charge of the Innovation and High-Tech Development Department of the National Development and Reform Commission said that in the future, the protection of the rights and interests of various types of employment and social security policies will be strengthened. Operators who carry out business activities through the online platform can use the online business premises to register individual industrial and commercial households; improve the policies and systems for the protection of labor rights and interests of flexible employees, premium payment, and remuneration, and clarify the corresponding responsibilities of platform companies in the protection of labor rights and guarantees Workers’ basic right to remuneration, right to rest and occupational safety, clarify the rights and obligations of all parties involved; support the establishment of flexible employment, "shared employment" service platforms, and provide employment services such as online vocational training and flexible employment supply and demand docking.
Our reporter Kong Dechen