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Three different heights are watching a baseball game over the fence. I can't see the game well because I'm behind the fence. Only 3 boxes can be used as footrests. How is it best to use these 3 boxes? Would it be better for three people to write one by one? Or is it better to give more boxes in shorter order?

Nowadays, the Republic of Korea is having a hot debate to solve this problem. That's why this debate broke out because of basic income. It means that the government regularly pays a certain amount to all citizens regardless of whether they are employed, willing to seek employment, income, property, etc. In short, the government pays every month the cost of living every month.

Discussions began in Europe and the United States first, and the debate has recently landed in Korea. Kim Jong-in, chairman of the Emergency Response Committee of the Future Unification Party, said, "We must guarantee the material freedom for hungry people to eat bread." "I am against it.

Governor Lee Jae-myeong, who has been the most proactive in arguing for basic income in Korea, insisted, "Let's pay basic income to the people while leaving basic welfare." "First of all," he said.

Basic income is an old concept mentioned in Thomas More's book Utopia, a British thinker in the 16th century.

"It's much more appropriate to give everyone a little livelihood instead of terrible punishment (to eradicate thieves) so that no one suffers from the terrible need for being a thief at first and then becoming a corpse."

'How can all human beings escape poverty and maintain a minimal human life?' It started from this agony. As technology evolves and automation spreads, advanced technologies such as AI are beginning to replace human labor, and the more difficult and urgent the problem of solving human poverty is. The World Economic Forum also warned that more than 5 million jobs worldwide will be lost in the next five years in 2016. In other words, we faced a crisis of collapsed economic structure based on human labor, where the economy circulates while working and earning money.

This crisis has emerged as an urgent task as the unexpected virus called Corona 19 hits Earth. Indeed, the crisis has begun to turn into reality all over the world, with the specific prospect that corona will produce more unemployed people than during the 2008 financial crisis,

so ensuring that everyone has a minimal human life even if they can't work. The claim to guarantee the basic income in order is getting stronger again. Proponents of the National Basic Income System, 1) even if the basic income does not go out of poverty at all, can guarantee a minimum amount of livelihood, 2) reduce the abandonment of dreams due to lack of money, and 3) risky work threatened by safety. It claims to guarantee the quality of human life, such as preventing it from jumping.

The opposite logic is also difficult. The biggest problem is where the money comes from and the concerns about raising funds. According to a study (report of'The Future Research Center', the Think Tank of the Democratic Party of the Democratic Party), this year's health/welfare/employment budget, 180,500 billion won It's an overwhelming scale.

In the end, to maintain the existing welfare system and introduce the basic national income system, it is necessary to raise taxes or to issue government bonds. Of course, some argue that if the existing welfare system is reorganized to reduce costs, or if the robot tax or land tax is collected, financial resources can be provided at no additional cost.

However, research has also shown that if you cut or reorganize existing welfare support, rather, you may experience reverse discrimination that damages the poorest people who really need it. According to the'Basic Income Simulation' paper published in the Budget Policy Study of the National Assembly Budget Office, the disposable income of households in the 1st~2nd quartiles belonging to the poorest is reduced. The paper also argued that "if income security for low-income people is a major policy goal, basic income as a means to achieve that goal is not a suitable policy measure." There are also concerns that guaranteeing income without labor can undermine the value of labor and undermine the will to work, thus losing the power of economic growth.

There is no country in the central government that has a basic income. In 2016, Switzerland conducted a referendum saying that all welfare systems should be eliminated and basic income was introduced, and then 77% of the people were dismissed.In 2017, a total of 700,000 won per month for 2,000 people randomly selected by Finland in 2017 I conducted an experiment to pay income, but eventually decided not to introduce it.

In Korea, discussions on basic income are being conducted more actively than ever. The Gyeonggi Provincial Council has established a comprehensive plan for the implementation of basic income every 5 years, and is promoting the ``Basic Income Ordinance'' that allows each city and county to support related finances, and lawmakers in the National Assembly are also preparing relevant legislation.

Will basic income become a ladder for all humans to escape poverty? Or is it just a fantasy that doesn't consider reality?

(Interview & Composition: Park Soo-jin / Video coverage: Cho Chun-dong, Cho Chang-hyun, Choi Jun-sik / Video editing: Kyung-yeon Kim / Design: Ok-soo Ok)