How industrial heritage becomes a "life show belt" in the city
【spotlight】
Go to Beijing 798 to experience an art exhibition on weekends, to watch a music performance in the memory of the eastern suburbs of Chengdu, to learn about the production process of beer in Qingdao Brewery... Nowadays, it has become a lot of "punch" in some of the celebrity industrial heritages in the city. The way people entertain themselves.
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other five departments jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for Promoting the Protection and Utilization of Industrial Heritage in Old Industrial Cities" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") to bring industrial heritage to attention again. What is the current status of the protection and utilization of industrial heritage in my country? In the era of knowledge economy, how should the protection and utilization of industrial heritage be strengthened so that it can better "live" in the present and renew its brilliance?
102 national industrial heritage sites
Industrial heritage is a witness of industrial civilization, a carrier of industrial culture, and an important part of human cultural heritage. Since the Westernization Movement in the second half of the nineteenth century, especially after the founding of New China, the development of industrial civilization has left a precious industrial heritage. These industrial heritages not only witnessed the unusual development process of modern industrialization in my country, but also contained rich historical and cultural values.
Sun Xing, deputy director of the Industrial Culture Development Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that in recent years, the government and the private sector have been paying attention to industrial heritage. On the basis of effective protection, they have explored and utilized new development models, promoted the inheritance and development of industrial culture, and created a strong country and network for manufacturing. Strong country construction provides strong support.
In 2017, 11 industrial heritages such as Anshan Iron and Steel Plant, Lushun Dockyard and Jingdezhen State-owned Cosmos Porcelain Factory became the first batch of national industrial heritages announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (pilot); in 2018, the State-owned 738 Factory, Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Factory and Shanhaiguan Forty-two industrial heritages, such as the bridge factory, became the second batch of national industrial heritages; in 2019, 49 industrial heritages such as the Beijing Enamel Factory, the former site of the "Liu Bocheng Factory", the Yingkou Paper Mill, and the Shanghai Mint became the third batch of national industrial heritages.
In addition, some provinces and cities have also carried out the identification of provincial-level industrial heritage, and initially formed a working mechanism of up-down linkage. Some typical experiences are constantly emerging, and an atmosphere that values industrial heritage is emerging.
Although the old steel mills, old shipyards, and abandoned wine-making workshops do not have the glory of the past, they still precipitate the development history of the city, impregnated with the unique atmosphere of the past years, and bearing the memory of the older generation of industrial workers. Many industrial heritages "rebirth of fire" in the process of protection and utilization, become cultural and creative industrial parks, art areas, and reintegrate into the daily lives of ordinary people.
However, there are also some industrial heritages that have been damaged and destroyed in urban development and industrial upgrading, and some have even gradually disappeared. Together with the youth and memories of generations, they disappeared into the years.
"Overall, the current level of protection and utilization of industrial heritage in my country is uneven." Sun Xing said that some large cities have better protection and utilization of industrial heritage, but industrial heritage in some remote areas lacks financial support and is difficult to be effectively protected. There are also places that do not attach importance to the protection and utilization of industrial heritage, and even make quick gains, using precious industrial heritage to develop real estate. In addition, China has no special laws and regulations on the protection and utilization of industrial heritage, and it is not as mandatory as the protection of cultural relics. Some industrial heritage is not included in the urban development plan, and its "fate" depends largely on the local attention and Protection efforts.
Experts call for urgent measures to effectively protect and rationally use industrial heritage, so that the industrial heritage and the culture behind it can enter our lives. Xu Kemin, director of the Department of Industrial Policy and Regulations of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that it is necessary to explore a new model for the utilization of national industrial heritage, dig deeper into the cultural value of industrial heritage, and scientifically use material and non-material remains on the basis of enhanced protection to form various Unique utilization mode.
Building an industrial ecological chain around industrial museums
"China’s industrial heritage protection has gone through several modes. 798 in Beijing and No. 8 Bridge in Shanghai are examples of the first generation of protection and utilization. They are mainly based on renting factories to operate cultural and creative industries. Taoxichuan in Jingdezhen is the second generation. A typical representative of China, it built an industrial museum on the basis of protecting industrial heritage and formed a cultural highland, so that people can recall the prosperity and spirit of the year." Sun Xing said.
The Industrial Museum is a carrier for inheriting industrial culture and a path for the protection and utilization of industrial heritage. At present, there are many national-level historical museums, military museums, agricultural museums, etc. in China, but there is a lack of national industrial museums, and most major industrial provinces or cities that are booming due to work have not built corresponding industrial museums, and some important areas are also There is no representative industry museum.
However, it is gratifying that some places are already actively exploring.
The Lichao Aviation Museum in Chengdu was launched in 2016 and is now officially in operation. The museum is designed with aerospace technology and history comprehensive exhibition hall, urban waiting hall, multimedia academic lecture hall, simulated flight hall, aviation theme restaurant and other functional areas, so that the public "can see aviation, hear aviation, touch aviation, and even eat "Get aviation", integrate tall aviation into the daily life of ordinary people, attract many students, tourists and professionals to visit, and become "one of the eight new consumption scenes in Chengdu in 2020".
In September 2019, the Chongqing Industrial Museum, which was built on the basis of some industrial remains of the heavy steel prototype steel factory, quickly attracted a lot of popularity. In May of this year, Chongqing Industrial Museum won the Excellent Award for the Top Ten Exhibitions and Exhibitions of the 17th National Museum of China (Chongqing Industrial Development History of Chongqing).
Experts believe that this shows that people recognize this form of industrial museum. The "Proposal" proposes to improve the industrial museum system. Support the establishment of important industrial heritage museums, professional industrial technology museums, traditional industry museums, etc., use digital technology to develop museum resources and build smart museums. Encourage the establishment of provincial and municipal industrial museums, and promote the construction of an industrial museum system by industry and region.
"The construction of these museums can be either physical or network forms." Sun Xing hopes that industrial museums can have their own characteristics. They should not be simply displayed, nor should they all be experiences. Rather, they should look back on history and present the contemporary It can even look into the future and use new technologies, new concepts and new models to build new industrial museums.
Sun Xing said that a good industrial ecological chain should be formed around the industrial museum. Especially in the process of developing and using some large-scale industrial heritage, it is recommended that in addition to developing cultural and creative industries, it is also necessary to encourage the construction of incubators and implant industrial functions so that they have a certain industrial driving ability to form a virtuous circle.
Integrate industrial cultural elements into the new format of the knowledge economy
In January this year, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism released 12 industrial tourism routes, covering industrial tourism demonstration sites, industrial sites, industrial museums, industrial parks and other industrial tourism resources. The Shougang Industrial Site Park, 798 Art Zone, Beijing Automobile Museum and many other characteristic tourist spots.
Recently, industrial tourism has quietly gained popularity in many places. However, some tourists report that some industrial tourism is relatively monotonous, mainly to visit old factories and old objects, lacking new ideas and fun. Experts said that at present, my country's industrial tourism has not yet formed a mature system, and the development of various regions is not balanced.
Ma Xiaolong, a professor at the School of Tourism and Service of Nankai University, believes that industrial tourism is not simply to visit industrial heritage. The planning and design of industrial tourism should not be too rough, but it should be based on the protection of industrial heritage, based on the nature of resources and market demand characteristics. The stage and place provided by the industrial heritage carry out participatory format design, cultural and creative industry implantation, high-tech utilization and related event planning.
In addition to the material form and spiritual form, industrial heritage has special characteristics that are different from other natural and cultural heritages. It should highlight the flexibility of its protection method, and it should be protected in use, so that industrial culture can be integrated into the lives of the people and truly realized in development. Protection, development in protection.
"We can turn industrial heritage into city landmarks, beautiful business cards, and online celebrities." Sun Xing suggested that industrial tourism and research trips based on industrial heritage should be developed to form an integration of production, tourism, education and leisure. New model of industrial culture experience. For example, we are promoting industrial cultural research and have formed evaluation standards. The main purpose is to enable the majority of primary and secondary school students to visit places or industrial museums to experience industrial production such as cars, aviation, ships, robots, etc., so that they can contact industry and cultivate interest as soon as possible. , Which is of great benefit to future career choices.
In addition, Sun Xing believes that it is necessary to continuously enrich the cultural connotation of products, integrate industrial cultural elements into the R&D, manufacturing, and consumer services of knowledge-based products, and use 5G, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and other new technologies to develop industrial creative industries. Create a new format of the knowledge economy and meet the people's growing needs for a better life.
"Industrial heritage is people's emotional memory and spiritual home, and is an important part of a regional cultural heritage." Sun Xing said that in the future, he hopes to introduce relevant laws and regulations so that the protection and utilization of industrial heritage can be based on law and evidence. Following, I also hope that the government can better guide and have more funds to support the protection and utilization of industrial heritage, making it an important function of the city, creating a batch of urban memory, knowledge dissemination, creative culture, and leisure experience." "Life Show Belt" continues the historical context of the city and adds new impetus to the high-quality development of old industrial cities.
(Reporter Liu Kun)