从新时尚变为好习惯 “科技+管理”成为新趋势

　　上海垃圾分类，一周年答卷如何？

　　去年7月，上海出台了“史上最严”的生活垃圾管理条例，成为全国第一个实行垃圾分类的城市。

　　一年时间即将过去，申城的垃圾分类交出了什么样的答卷？《工人日报》记者在采访中了解到，实实在在的变化正在发生：居民家里的垃圾桶多了，垃圾厢房变整洁了，志愿者的活儿逐渐少了，垃圾分类已从新时尚变为家喻户晓、人人践行的好习惯。

　　据上海绿化市容局报告，上海1.3万余个居住区的垃圾分类达标率由2018年底的15%提高到2019年底的90%，基本形成了垃圾全程分类收运体系。今年5月，全市湿垃圾分出量达到了垃圾分类实施以来的最高峰……

　　从“他律”到“自律”

　　上海的垃圾分类并非从一开始就推行得顺利。当初“一刀切”式的垃圾分类条例从放任自由直接进入严管严查模式，不仅在社区设置专人看管垃圾桶，还有严格的罚款制度，这让大多数原本没有分类习惯的市民感到措手不及。

　　垃圾分类能否成功，考验的是市民素质，要从“他律”实现到“自律”的转变。“带着大家做”好过“喊着大家做”，上海在第一时间上线垃圾分类查询小程序，为居民提供垃圾分类指导手册，帮助人们了解、掌握分类的原则与技巧。

　　6月15日上午8时，在徐泾镇民主村3号垃圾分类投放点，志愿者正在询问前来投放垃圾的住户信息。登记好信息后，居民自觉地把袋子里的果皮、菜叶倒进了湿垃圾桶，又使劲抖了抖塑料袋，把袋子扔进了旁边的干垃圾桶里。随后志愿者会根据居民的分类纯净度做出相应的标记，并在月底将信息反馈为一张评比表予以公示。经过居民与志愿者的共同努力，目前，民主村的垃圾纯净度都在92%以上，每天“分类扔垃圾”已成为居民的习惯。

　　有法律法规支撑，有市民全员参与，有志愿者全程引导，上海生活垃圾分类的社会氛围越发浓厚。

　一小区一方案

　　In accordance with the requirements of “scheduled to be insisted on, fixed to be flexible, encouraged to remove barrels, and guided to break the bag”, Shanghai insisted on implementing the fixed-point fixed-point classification system according to local conditions, insisting on refined management, and earnestly implementing the “one community and one plan”. The understanding and support of the public.

　　There are thousands of residents in the Haiyue Garden Community of Wuliqiao Street. After the residents committee announced the plan to remove the barrels, some residents said that there are no mandatory barrel removal provisions in the Regulations. The property fee includes the cost of garbage recycling for each floor. Remove the barrel.

　　The general party branch of the residential area, the residential community joint community business committee and the property management company conducted research in the community for this purpose, solicited opinions from the residents, and set up two plans for "centralized delivery" and "autonomous delivery". Among them, the premise of "autonomous delivery" is that all households on each floor sign a contract to ensure the effective classification of wet and dry garbage. If the standard is not met for 5 consecutive days, the neighborhood committee has the right to remove the trash can on that floor and change it to "central delivery".

　　"After signing the contract, we will set up wet and dry garbage bins. The barrel chief is responsible for the implementation of the responsibility. The community quality observers supervise the buildings, the garbage administrator collects them regularly, and publicizes them weekly." This is an autonomy convention negotiated by residents. After signing the contract, about 11 floors of garbage classification failed to meet the standard, so the barrels were withdrawn as agreed.

　　In the end, about 35% of residents voluntarily "centralized delivery", and more residents implemented "autonomous delivery". With two delivery methods in a community, the management democracy has made residents happy, and the classification of domestic waste has also been implemented.

Intelligent supervision pays off

　　In the process of doing a good job of sorting waste, intelligent waste sorting equipment also played a role.

　　On the electronic screen next to the garbage compartment in the western suburbs, today the data of the amount of food waste, the amount of recyclable waste, and the amount of harmful waste are displayed on the screen one by one, and a detailed analysis of the classification of garbage. For periods of high garbage output, the community residents committee will increase the input of personnel.

　　In the central square of the community, Hao Lei Community Service Pavilion is equipped with intelligent garbage collection boxes and convenient service facilities. Residents throw recyclable garbage such as cardboard boxes and plastic bottles into the intelligent garbage collection boxes. After automatic weighing and other procedures, they get a certain integral.

　　In some areas of Shanghai, domestic waste classification has been incorporated into the "one network unified management" system. Through "technology + management", intelligent methods are used to explore the actual effect of waste classification to achieve long-term normality, and "one screen view classification, one network management process". Utilize technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things, integrate platform data such as city law enforcement, market supervision, grid management, and social information, establish a complete classification and traceability information system, and establish a sound delivery, collection, transportation, and transit , Disposal of the whole process supervision system to improve emergency dispatching and disposal capabilities.

　　Xu Zhiping, Director of the Municipal Waste Management Division of Shanghai Afforestation and Appearance Bureau, said that the general direction of Shanghai's garbage classification in 2020 is "technology + management", which aims to change the management mode based on human-sea tactics. I believe this will surely be the trend and direction of promoting the classification of domestic waste.

　　It is understood that this year, Shanghai will continue to further promote garbage classification, achieving more than 95% of the actual effectiveness of household and unit waste classification, and more than 85% of the effectiveness of street classification reaching the demonstration level.

　　Qian Peijian